A & P story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A & P story - Essay Example The literary term under analyse in this essay is â€Å"Sheep†. The author has used personification through its usage and has shown the distinction between followers and leaders. Thus, the â€Å"sheep† denotes a specific clan of people, who would rather stick to the prevailed norms, rules and under commandment of a leader. Their subordination is mainly due to their pecuniary constrains and also because of their social position in a society. Thus, the author has portrayed their presence mundane in a colloquial tone and through Sammy’s character he has evaluated their presence humdrum and their routine monotonous. Therefore, Sammy as a representative of youth has been depicted as an appreciator of distinction, rebel and change (Porter, p.1155). Hence, he looks at those â€Å"sheep† with abhor and abominate their trait of being a subordinate. Subsequently, he observes their apprehension towards revolution, their reluctance and fear for a change, which could ha voc their perfectly constructed so called peace. â€Å"Sheep pushing their carts down the aisle† (Bishop, p.228) Thus, â€Å"sheep† has been used to symbolize conformity without being rational at all. This sheepish trait instilled in the people made them dull, coward and subordinate of superior powers like money, authority and pre-set social norms. Hence, these dominating social authorities of 1960 era have developed and set their (Sheep) course of life and left them with little power of opinion on their own. Therefore, Queeni’s rebellion towards dress code in the A & P grocery store and Sammy’s rebellion towards instinctive relinquishment of his job are prime examples of uproar of revolution. Strokesie and Lengal have also been depicted as â€Å"sheep† like, who would think, act, dress and conduct like the rest of the sheep clan. However, they do lure for the different, but do not have the courage to appreciate, encourage or be optimistic about th e change. They prefer to stick to their sheep clan as it’s the known and safe path for them. On the other hand, Queenie (the leader) and her two friends; signified on being different, thus, they separated themselves from the others through their bathing suit style and did not shown a hint of embarrassment throughout their walk around the aisles. Updike has used Sammy’s view to portray the customers as sheep too (Kirszner & Stephen, p. 363, 2004). As they walked, flocked, acted, and contemplate in the same pattern like a sheep. They loathed the change and new flock (three girls), but couldn’t keep the awe stricken expressions out of their faces at all. The figurative â€Å"sheep† moved up and down the aisles, one behind the other in a similar patron hence, they liked the familiarity and opposed change in any form. Initially Sammy couldn’t help but be a hormone driven boy, who also praised the bare flesh of the three girls like other people in the st ore, but later in the story he realized his inclination and fascination towards these girls is due to their courage of taking a stand for their individuality. Hence, the author has laid great emphasis on individuality, which further buffs up the freedom to express this trait. Thus, one can clearly

Statistical Applications in Criminal Justice Course Project Essay

Statistical Applications in Criminal Justice Course Project - Essay Example On the other hand, the standard deviations shows that the scoring on robbery is more dispersed than rape/sexual assault (Howell, 2008). In order to test the relationship between rape and violence, linear regression analysis will be used. This test will be used to establish if there exists any statistical relationship between the two variables, and if it exists, the strength of the model (Lee, 2006). This test is chosen because it is suitable in testing linear relationship between two or more variables. Regression models are also suitable in predicting the value of the dependent valuable using the predictor valuable; therefore, the scoring of robbery can be established in different scoring of rape. The results of the tests are as shown in the spss output below: Based on the results above, it is evident that there is a strong and positive relationship between rape and robbery. The R squired of 0.89 shows that the model rape/sexual assault is a very good predictor of robbery. In other words, the regression model is very good. The p-value is less than 0.05, which means that there is enough evidence to allege that rape/sexual is a predictor of robbery. Since the coefficients are positive, we conclude that the two variables have a positive relationship, which also means that an increase in rape/sex would lead to an increase in robbery (Heiman, 2010). The results from this analysis show that the rate at which rape happens has some implication on the rate at which robbery happens. Therefore, the incidence of rape can be used to predict the incidence of robbery at any given

Beethoven Sonata No 27 Essay Example for Free

Beethoven Sonata No 27 Essay This piece is highly unusual for Beethoven Sonatas. One, although it was written at the start of his late period, this sonata had only two movements, the first being extremely short. Secondly, this was the first that Beethoven started writing his tempo markings in German, as though implying that this Sonata was more personal. Beethoven has also remarked on this piece that he considered titling it either â€Å"Struggle Between Head and Heart or Conversation with the Beloved. This sonata was dedicated to Count Moritz von Lichnowsky and so describes the love affair he was having at the time. Beethoven literally gave the Count this sonata with the words, â€Å"This Sonata describes your love life.† The first movement of the sonata has an extremely short development, and a surprising coda. The second movement is much longer, much like a Schubert sonata and has another surprising ending of a small epilogue. In fact, Schubert’s first sonata (unfinished) 2nd movement, shows a distinct likeliness to this piece’s 2nd movement. It would almost seem like Schubert’s first sonata was a tribute to Beethoven. Written in 1814, there is a 5 year gap from his last sonata. He gives exact instructions for his tempo markings because, as he said, â€Å"I am deaf, and I can no longer play the piano. Therefore, I must give exact instructions to the performer.† In fact, he became so particular, that he started notating exactly where his dynamic changes are, leaving almost no room for the performer for adjustments. Listening to a lecture recital by Andrea Schiff, he has remarked that Sonata no. 27 is one of the most mysterious of the 32 sonatas. This sonata was written deliberately not to ‘please’ his audience. He wrote it to promote discussion among music lovers and pianists. This sonata wasn’t even written to be performed on stage. Both movements of this piece end quietly, written subito piano and no retardando could be seen. The piece ends quietly and the audience is barely aware the piece has even ended. This sonata is not meant to make an impression. Andrea Schiff has even gone so far to say that, â€Å"Ideally, we wouldn’t even have an applause at the end of this piece, there is nothing to applaud!† Furthermore, the sonata after, No. 28 (in A Major), sounds like a continuation of the 2nd movement. I will be doing a structural analysis of the Sonata, however, I will also be adding some commentary on some aspects I find more interesting. Starting from the beginning of the first movement, we have the exposition and the first theme. Already here in the first eight bars we can see the conflict â€Å"between the head and heart†, like this movement is so aptly nicknamed. In m. 8-16, we see some use of syncopation, indicating that the movement should be counted in one and not three in the  ¾ time signature. In the first 24 measures, ending with the fermata on a rest, we see clearly the backbone of the whole sonata. In the next section starting with an open b octave, we see the composer has marked in tempo and pp. Beethoven really marks everything for the performer, leaving little to question on how exactly he wants it performed. In m. 55, where we have a very awkward left hand broken chords, I would like to point out that the base line for these seemingly randomly spaced chords is actually the inversion of the original theme at the beginning of the piece. The second movement starts at m. 82 on a single b. At m. 109, we have a sudden reminiscence of polyphonic texture much like what Bach would have written. Starting in m. 113, just when the counterpoint ends, we see that the theme has migrated to the tenor line in the left hand, leaving the right hand free to ‘improvise’ over. We modulate at m. 130 and in m. 136 there is an echo of the first theme. Just when we think that it sounds somehow familiar, the recapitulation suddenly appears at m.144. There is a little coda at m. 231 and the first movement ends quietly with no retardando marked. It is assumed that the performer moves immediately to the 2nd movement. The opening theme in the rondo is something that the performer becomes familiar with very quickly, because it is repeated in the entire movement no less than sixteen times. In contrast to the fighting between the head and heart in the first movement, this movement is nicknamed, â€Å"Conversation with the Beloved†. This theme is so unlike Beethoven that it has almost a Schubert-like quality to it. I would also like to note that the opening theme of the second movement is an inversion of the first theme in the first movement. The epilogue at m. 286 quietly ends the piece, just slipping away. No one notices that it has ended until the surprising silence occupies the space. There is no retardando written and the dynamic marking is pp. I would also like to do a Golden Mean analysis with the first movement, the second movement, and the entire work. Movement one: 145m x .618 = 89.61 Movement two: 290m x .618 = 179.22 Whole work: 535m x..618 = 330.63 or 185.63 in the 2nd movement In movement one, the midpoint falls a few measures after the development, where the theme is being repeated in the surprising key of a minor. This is right before we crescendo up to a climax at m. 92. In movement two, the midpoint falls onto another a minor chord. This measure is right before we transition to another choral in the key of B Major. The midpoint of the entire piece falls on an unassuming measure in the middle of the first theme of the second movement. As for the most important parts of the entire work, I would point out the interesting inversions scattered across the board. First would be the awkward broken chords at m. 55 in the first movement that I have mentioned before. And then again right before the recapitulation when the theme is echoed over the keys. Then again at the little coda at m. 231. As for the second movement, the whole theme is the inverted first theme of the first movement.

How To Surf The Internet :: essays research papers

How to Surf the Internet The term "Internet," or "The Net" as it is commonly in known in the computer business, is best described as an assortment of over one thousand computer networks with each using a common set of technical transfers to create a worldwide communications medium. The Internet is changing, most profoundly, the way people conduct research and will in the near future be the chief source of mass information. No longer will a student have to rely on the local library to finish a research essay - anybody with a computer, a modem, and an Internet Service Provider can find a wealth of information on the Net. Anybody with a disease or illness and who has access to the Internet can obtain the vital information they are in need of. And, most importantly, businesses are flourishing at this present day because of the great potential the Internet holds. First of all, for a person to even consider doing research on the Internet privately they must own a computer. A computer that is fast, reliable, and one that has a great deal of memory is greatly beneficial. A person also needs a modem (a device that transmits data from a network on the Internet to the user's computer). A modem's quality and speed are measured as something called a baud rate (how fast the modem transmits data in bits and kilobits - similar to grams and kilograms). A kilobit is a term simply used to describe the speed of a modem. For example, if somebody was to go out and purchase a 2400 baud modem, they would be buying a modem that transmits data 2400 kilobits per second which is definitely not the speed of a modem you want if your thinking of getting onto the Internet. The speeds of modems then double in the amount of kilobits that can be transmitted per second going from 4800 baud to 9600 baud and so on eventually getting up to 28800 baud (which is the fastest modem on the market right now). To surf the Internet successfully, a person will have to own a 9600 baud or higher, and with recent advancements the Internet has offered, the recommended speed is a 14400 kilobytes per second modem. A modem ranges in price, depending on the type of modem you want, the speed you need, and if it is an external or internal type, modems range from as low as $20 to as high as $300. If a person is unequipped with a computer most local libraries and nonprofit organizations provide Internet access where research can be done freely.

Affirmative action Essays -- essays research papers

Affirmative action is a term used to describe rules and regulations that were established to protect minorities and women from being discriminated against (Simmons 1982). Affirmative action has changed the way people were treated since it was first brought into order in 1961 by president John F. Kennedy through executive order 10925(Alexander 1999). It helped established more opportunities for minorities and women in education, employment and housing (Dietz 2001). Nevertheless, affirmative action has caused much controversy in our society and whether it has benefited America (Altschiller 1991). As a result, there are those who believe minorities have benefited, yet the dominant group has suffered. Before the passing of executive order 10925, minorities and women were treated unfairly. Before president Kennedy brought the executive order into action, minorities suffered a great deal of discrimination. In the past, minorities were abolished from specific areas. For instance they were not allowed to use the same bathrooms as whites (Alexander 1999). The minorities were spatially segregated from the rest of society meaning outsides did not accept them; they weren’t allowed to obtain certain jobs, live in close proximity to the dominant group or receive the same educational opportunity (Parrillo 2003). After Kennedy, president Lyndon Johnson established several laws that helped establish better opportunities for minorities such as his â€Å" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1965 and then the office of Federal Compliance in 1967†(Alexander 1999). In addition, he was simultaneously establishing the Fair Housing Act as well as the Economic Opportunity Act. The Civil Rights Movement was one of the major contributors to the establishment of the parity laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it possible that the federal level could enforce the law on those who violated it, which helped give minorities the protection they needed from the Dominant group. After the implementation of affirmative action and the laws that followed, â€Å"the proportion of blacks in white-collar jobs grew from 10% to 24% and the ratio of black median family income to white rose from 55% to 62%†(Alexander 1999). As one can clearly see, there were major improvements for minorities. They were given more opportunities to contribute to society without facing discrimination from businesses, educa... ... affirmative action. Furthermore, how much someone earns is usually based on their ethnic background and their gender. Affirmative action has caused controversy and will continue to cause it for years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works citied Alexander, A. & Jacobson K. (1999). Affirmative Action. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research: A Critical Reconnaissance, 23(3) 9p Altschiller d. (1991). The reference shelf: Affirmative Action. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company Dietz, T. (2001). Sociological Spectrum. The unrelenting significance of minority statuses: gender, ethnicity, and economic attainment since affirmative action. 21(1) 20p Friedl, J. (1999). Change. Documentation of how affirmative action benefits all students, 31(4) 6p Gross B. (1977). Reverse Discrimination. New York: Prometheus Books. Parrillo, V. (2003). Strangers to these shores.Boston: The Book Company Simmons, R. (1982). Affirmative Action: Conflict and Change in Higher Education after Bakke. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Thomas, W. Review of Black Political Economy. Mitigating Barriers to Black Employment through Affirmative Action Regulations: a case study. 27(3) 22p

Explain the Underlying and Immediate Causes of the Jewish War Essay

There were many underlying and immediate causes of the Jewish war. The continued Roman oppression and continued disrespect of the Jewish faith and culture by many Roman key figures of authority such as Pilate, Patronius and Cumanus was an underlying cause of the war. This was joined by the Roman inability to control insurgent groups throughout Palestine, because of the relatively small number of Roman troops controlling Palestine. It was also the belief of the insurgent groups that a similar outcome to the Maccabean revolt could be achieved again, through a war against the Romans, creating an independent Jewish kingdom and further anti-Roman feeling. The actions of Eleazor, the son of the Jewish high priest and his followers had an immediate effect on the outbreak of war by refusing to let the Jews pay taxes and offerings to the Roman empire, and slaughtering the Roman troops at the Roman garrison. The corrupt and cruel governance of Roman governor Florus and his actions towards the Jews was also an immediate cause of the outbreak of the Jewish war. To begin with, Roman oppression and continued disrespect of the Jewish faith and culture was an underlying cause of the Jewish war. During the governorship of Pontius Pilate, Pilate installed military standards on a Roman fort next to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, which offended the Jews. Jewish law disallows the worship of false deities, and the military standards erected over the fort were seen as going against this law. A similar situation was created when Emperor Caligula ordered statues of himself to be in erected in each Roman province, which occurred under the governorship of Petronius. Another incident that took place during the governorship of Cumanus also caused great disrespect the Jewish religion. During the Passover, the pivotal religious moment in the Jewish calendar, Jews became offended by a Roman soldier who was sighted mooning the crowd of worshippers from a high. These continued disrespectful actions towards the Jews created anti-Roman feeling and were an underlying cause of the Jewish war. Furthermore, the inability of the Roman troops to control Jewish insurgent groups within Palestine was also an underlying factor of the Jewish war. Following the completion of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, a very high number of Jewish workers become unemployed and idle. These men then became interested in the in the current political events and began to rebel in small groups to support their religion and culture. With Palestine being a relatively small Roman province, a lesser than usual number of troops was assigned and meant that these insurgent groups could not be immediately contained and controlled. These insurgent groups continued to grow, which was ultimately an underlying cause of the outbreak of the Jewish war. Additionally, the insurgent’s belief that the same outcome of the Maccabean revolt centuries ago could be achieved through a war against the Roman authority was also another underlying factor of the Jewish war. Through the growing numbers of the insurgent groups, the support for a war against the Romans began to increase and more and more Jews began to desire the freedom from Roman control. This would lead to an independent Jewish Kingdom similar to the one following the Maccabean revolt. This was considered extremely desirable for the Jews, and the desire for this was hence an underlying cause of the Jewish war. From the writings of Jewish historian Josephus, the actions of Eleazor, son of the high priest and his followers were an immediate cause in triggering the Jewish war. Playing a key role in initiating the hostilities between the Romans and Jews within Jerusalem, Eleazor refused to allow Jews to pay their taxes to Rome and their prayers or offerings to the wellbeing of the Roman state. Through the eyes of Rome, this is interpreted as an act of war against the Emperor as these were compulsory for all Roman provinces. During the following battle between the insurgents and the Roman troops in Jerusalem, Eleazor and his forces pinned down the last of the Roman troops from the Roman garrison into defensive towers, and slaughtered the remaining men once their weapons had been laid down. These actions of Eleazor had an immediate effect on the Jewish people who either joined him, or wanted to avert a full scale war and hence was an immediate cause of the Jewish war. Also, the governorship of the Roman governor Florus, and his cruel and corrupt actions to the Jews were also an immediate cause of the Jewish war. The writings of Josephus indicate that many cruel actions were made against the Jews that would have angered them and caused them to protest against him. One particular example was a dispute between the Jews and the Gentiles over a piece of land, where Florus was the judge over which group would gain possession. After accepting a bribe from the Jews and promising them the land, Florus gave the land to the Gentiles claiming that Caesar needed it. Outraged Jews protested outside the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, where Florus ordered the Romans to attack them, slaughtering nearly four thousand men women and children. This act sparked further anger in the Jews and hence was an immediate cause of the Jewish war. To conclude, there were many underlying and immediate causes of the Jewish war. The continued disrespectful actions by the Romans to the Jews and their culture were an underlying cause of the war. The rise of insurgent groups following the mass unemployment caused by the completion of the Jewish temple was not controlled by the smaller Roman garrison in Jerusalem, which led to a rise in anti-roman feeling. This was added to by the belief that the outcome of the Maccabean revolt could once again by achieved, and the possibility of a free Jewish state, which were underlying causes of the war. The actions of Eleazor and his followers and the cruel governorship of Florus and his actions towards the Jews had immediate effects on triggering the Jewish war and were therefore immediate causes of the Jewish war.

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder †Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Example

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all kinds of mind disorders. Mind disorders are illnesses in which the normal function of the mind is hindered by some reason, depending on the illness. They disrupt daily activities and may at some point turn a person into a dysfunctional individual. Although these illnesses all occur in the brain, all possess characteristics that distinguish one from the other. Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all mental disorders which have symptoms that identify each accordingly. Autism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism is a disorder which affects all the mental developments. Unlike Asperger Syndrome and PDD-NOS, autism’s symptoms and characteristics that a patient exemplifies may vary depending on the age. Due to this characteristic as well, the only means to recognize autism immediately is by comparing a patient’s action and comprehension to the typical ways of thinking of a person of the same age as the patient. When a person’s brain functions do not tally with the typical brain functions and development of people in the same age bracket, autism disorder may be diagnosed (Frith, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People with autistic disorder may be distinguished from those with Asperger Syndrome as the latter does not have significant delay in language development. An autistic person also has a hard time comprehending the actions and words of other people interacting with them. Autism also has symptoms similar to PDD-NOS (First, Frances, Pincus, 2002). Asperger Syndrome Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compared to autism, Asperger syndrome is considered as milder. It also hinders normal brain functions, but unlike autism, Asperger does not cause as much dysfunctionality as autism. As stated earlier, it does not significantly delay the language development of a person. However, people with Asperger also have difficulty in speaking. Mostly, inflection and repetition occurs. Another one of its characteristics is that most patients of the disorder isolate themselves from society and they are more eccentric than usual. In other countries, Asperger is considered as another name for PDD-NOS (First et al., 2002). PDD-NOS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PDD-NOS or Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified is a condition in which some characteristics of autism is exhibited. In the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (2002), a person is diagnosed with PDD-NOS only if the full symptoms or features of autism are not met. This suggests that, like Asperger, PDD-NOS is similar to autism. It is also a developmental disorder. It has no direct and distinguishing feature. The patients suffering from this disorder also have a hard time socializing with others. Communication is also difficult for them. They are also hypersensitive. However, like Asperger, PDD-NOS may be regarded as a milder form of autism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the given characteristics for each illness, it may be found that the three given disorders are quite similar. They only vary from each other in terms of the severity of the non-development of the brain and the dysfunctionality each disorder causes to the person suffering from it. Autism may be considered as the worst among the three. It causes severely impaired social interaction and speech disorder. Unlike Asperger and PDD-NOS, autism greatly delays the brain development. On the other hand, Asperger syndrome does not cause a significant delay in language development. However, socialization is still impaired. This is almost similar to PDD-NOS. It also causes social impairment, but compared to autistic disorder, the impairment is only mild; there still remains hope for better communication and socialization. In addition, PDD-NOS is not commonly diagnosed unless the patient exhibits symptoms that do not qualify as symptoms of autism. Table 1 – Similarities and Differences in the Symptoms of Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS Autism and Asperger Syndrome Autism and PDD-NOS Asperger Syndrome   and PDD-NOS Symptom Similarities social interaction impairment speech impairment underdeveloped communication skills Brain underdevelopment speech impairment social interaction impairment Milder speech impairment milder impairment of social skills milder communication skills impairment Symptom Differences Autistic patients exhibit worse underdevelopment charcateristics inability to interact is worse speech defects are more pronounced asperger patients have milder communication defects PDD-NOS exhibit speech defect that are milder and brain underdevelopemnt signs are not as pronounced autistic patients have slower comprehension skills Asperger patients tend to repeat and stutter speech defect is more pronounced but not as much as it is with autism PDD-NOS exhibits underdevelopment signs in a milder way References First, M., Frances, A., Pincus, H.A. (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virginia: American Psychiatric Publishing Frith, U. (2003). Autism. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell