Four Points Kingston Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Four Points Kingston - Case Study Example The goal of the Four Point Kingston is that to give the correct reaction and administration to the individuals or the clients who comes there and to give them rooms an ostensible and a sensible duty contrasted with different retreats or the lodgings. Aside from that they additionally furnish the individuals with a decent hardware room and parcel of unwinding games and the exercises that are available there. Additionally to give the clients a cheerful and an enduring memory loaded with satisfaction about the stay in the retreat. Four Point Kingston is giving a great deal of highlights to the client however it likewise have some different issues and issues they are only the issues because of the rivalries and the future arranging. This must be considered and ought to be managed in an aptitude way so as to stay away from the harsh outcomes on the grounds that the serious spots are additionally the rumored ones and they do give a decent client support. The principle issue is that the serious spots have a completely prepared touring place that is from the spot the Kingston harbor is obvious and can give the clients a decent touring place similarly four point additionally gives the touring of a lake which counts the other. Aside from this star Aside from this difficult Four Point likewise endures some other issue which is the opening of the rooms. A large portion of the clients who show up to Kingston come fundamentally to be loose and to get some joy. So a large portion of the rooms get booked distinctly in the season timing and for the most part they are all top around then. Be that as it may, at different timings the greater part of the rooms are left simply like this is the other issue looked by the Kingston gathering. Present moment and LONG TERM The Four Point Kingston is a decent spot for the voyagers to remain and appreciate having delight yet in addition certain things needs to get improved on the grounds that there are sure places that has been created in a more noteworthy degree to draw in increasingly number of individuals. So it needs to focus on the benefits and the improved administrations that must be given in the simple future. Proposal Part of proposals can be given for the advancement in the transient the primary concern that must be expanded is the incomes to the worry or as it were the gainfulness to the four focuses. This can be accomplished by allocating the vaccant rooms to a least advantage by giving certain concessions and simultaneously through some basic upgraded benefits rather than the expensive ones. Like as opposed to giving espresso machines can give espresso to the people legitimately two times every day or probably giving some conventional yet less expensive beverages. So the empty rooms likewise will be involved and simultaneously the lesser cost will be counted utilizing this framework. Additionally making the gathering lobbies well prepared. However

Lack of Discipline in Children Free Essays

Absence of Discipline in Children ENG 101 Evelyn Hill January 28, 2013 Walk into any open and glance around; what do you see? A great many people would state; items, individuals, families, and kids. Next, observe a portion of the kids for one moment and hear them out. There are likely a few youngsters playing find the stowaway from their folks in the racks of materials, others are opening the bundles of toys, and obviously, there’s the one kid who is shouting all through the store since his mother revealed to him he couldn’t have something he needed. We will compose a custom exposition test on Absence of Discipline in Children or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Don’t stress, that will before long stop when mother becomes weary of hearing the shouting and will surrender. This is only a case of open places anyplace in the United States; kids throwing a tantrum since they don’t get what they need. While all kids throw tantrums sooner or later in their young lives, they additionally should be encouraged that it isn't fitting conduct. We have to train our kids so they have the information and aptitudes to act as per the guidelines of society. While just a couple of years prior numerous families had the privilege to just need one pay in a family, things have changed and it’s not, at this point practical for just one parent to work. This adjustment in the economy has prompted an expansion of kids being left with a sitter or put in a youngster care office. I see numerous kids in the middle that I work at, who are at school for ten to twelve hours every day. This is surrendering a guardians work over to an educator of six to twenty-five youngsters, discipline notwithstanding. I’m trusting that my paper will offer some understanding to guardians who are searching for approaches to train their kid without a significant part of the shouting, battling, dissatisfaction, and physical and mental issues that may connect with the utilization of flogging. Control is the structure that enables a kid to fit into society cheerfully and adequately; catchphrases being structure. Kids need structure whether they are at home or in day care, this empowers kids to know when and where it is suitable to play and be noisy. With this being stated, there are a few manners by which a parent can encourage a youngster suitable conduct. As a matter of first importance, order ought to consistently be given by a grown-up in whom the kid has a bond. Control ought to consistently be predictable also. Permitting a kid to pull off opening a toy in a store without buying the thing first, after the kid was restrained for something very similar previously, just befuddles the youngster. Next, the kid should think the control is reasonable and it ought not be something that you as the parent can't hold your statement. For instance, numerous youngsters won't imagine that getting a beating is reasonable, nor would they believe be grounded for a month would be reasonable. Telling a youngster they are grounded for a month is definitely not a sensible discipline since guardians overlook or they become weary of hearing the kid whimper about being grounded and surrender. Finally, control ought to be near the hour of the undesired conduct, which means, if a kid was hitting another youngster on the play area, the parent should deal with it at the earliest opportunity, not hours after on the grounds that the kid may recall the conduct or recollect why they were hitting. I would say, the most ideal approach to train a kid is by just conversing with them. Kids react much better when a grown-up converses with them about bad conduct than they do in the event that they are being shouted at. Hollering at a youngster causes hatred towards the grown-up which will later reason progressively undesired conduct. I for the most part ask the kid what he was doing, on the off chance that he believes that conduct is fitting, and what he can do to fix it. Youngsters for the most part have really smart thoughts of their own the extent that what they believe is reasonable where order is concerned. In the event that there is the circumstance where the youngster is truly vexed or I can feel myself getting baffled, I require a brief opportunity for the two of us. I have the kid plunk down and I leave, when we are both prepared to talk again we do. Kids need to realize that decides are set up so they can figure out how to live agreeably with others, so they can gain directly from wrong, and to shield them from hurt. Without rules and outcomes to these guidelines kids never figure out the proper behavior in agreement to the principles of society. It’s difficult training a youngster nor is there a convenient solution to conduct issues, yet even two guardians who work twelve hours daily can dissuade numerous social issues by essentially conversing with their kids. Youngsters need structure at home the same amount of as they do at school, without it, kids are lost; they are befuddled about when and where it is alright to play and be uproarious. Order should be given by a grown-up whom the kid trusts and cherishes and it ought to be viewed as â€Å"fair† by the kid, control ought to be steady and near the hour of the undesired conduct, and finally, youngsters need to comprehend that control is just to guard them. I am sure that any parent who sets aside the effort to converse with their kids about the child’s mix-ups will have a vastly improved acted kid. Instructions to refer to Lack of Discipline in Children, Essay models

The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage

The Best Way to Approach the ACT Reading Passage SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A year ago the normal Reading score on the ACT was 21.3. With a key way to deal with perusing the sections rapidly and effectively, you ought to have the option to split away from this normal and lift your scores! How about we survey what you'll see on the ACT Reading segment and afterward talk about the most effective approach to peruse the sections and answer the inquiries with time to save. Kinds of Passages on ACT Reading There are four areas inside Reading with entries from the humanities, normal sciences, social examinations, and scholarly fiction. Generally these areas each have one long entry, however every so often you may likewise experience two shorter sections. The entirety of the entries areprose, so you don't need to stress over deciphering verse or anything excessively trial orsubjective. Entries in these fields may draw from these subtopics: Humanities: design, craftsmanship, move, morals, film, language, scholarly analysis, music, reasoning, radio, TV, and theater. Social investigations: human studies, prehistoric studies, account, business, financial matters, instruction, topography, history, political theory, brain science, and social science. Normal sciences: life structures, cosmology, science, organic science, science, biology, topography, medication, meteorology, microbiology, characteristic history, physiology, material science, innovation, and zoology. Scholarly fiction: short stories, books, diaries, and individual articles. The section based inquiries that follow each perusing are intended to test certain aptitudes of examination and understanding cognizance. Aptitudes Tested On the ACT Reading As indicated by the ACT, you're relied upon to utilize alluding and thinking abilities to decide principle thoughts find and decipher critical subtleties (some of the time the inquiry will allude you to a particular line, however different occasions you'll need to find the detail yourself) comprehend groupings of occasions make correlations (you'll particularly observe these inquiries in the event that you have two short entries rather than one longer section) grasp cause-impact connections decide the significance of words, expressions, and proclamations in setting (these are generally clear, however you ought to see how they work in setting) draw speculations dissect the creator's or storyteller's voice and technique So as to test these aptitudes, the ACT Reading will solicit you 6main sorts from questions.(I realize we're experiencing foundation, however remain with me - this is critical to comprehend why my perusing technique works. We'll discuss the genuine perusing system very soon). Kinds of ACT Reading Questions The Reading area poses you 40 inquiries in a short time. These inquiries may test your comprehension of what was straightforwardly expressed in the entry or what different lines inferred. For instances of each question type from legitimate ACT questions, look at this point by point breakdown of the ACT Reading section.To give a brisk audit, these are the 6main kinds of Reading addresses you'll experience: Primary thought - the central matter or subject of the entry. Detail - typically alludes straightforwardly to a line in the content and asks what it means or how it capacities. Jargon - vocabularywords are normally clear, however they may be utilized in an irregular manner in setting. Advancement - how are thoughts orchestrated inside the entry? Inferred thoughts - these are derivation questions. While this may appear to be emotional, there might be one unambiguously right answer. Voice - what is the creator or storyteller's tone, style, mentality, or point of view? You can perceive how these sorts of inquiries connect straightforwardly to the aptitudes tried. By asking what the creator's tone is, for instance, an inquiry tests your capacity to break down a creator's voice or strategy. Notwithstanding considering scholarly terms, you should work on finding proof inside content that straightforwardly bolsters your answer. The entirety of this may seem like a difficult task in just 35 minutes! The greatest test loads of understudies have on the Reading area is essentially overcoming all the sections and inquiries in time. So how might you read the sections for comprehension without sitting around that you could be utilizing to respond to questions? We should make a plunge. Step by step instructions to Read the Passages Preparing for the ACT is unfathomably useful for some reasons. One is that it permits you to evaluate a couple of various techniques and make sense of which one works best for you. I'll introduce a couple of choices forreading the sections that work wellfor most understudies. At that point you can figure out which choice you like. How about we investigate how to peruse the entries, bit by bit. Stage 1 All understudies should immediately peruse the early on line or ad spot toward the start of the section. This presentation will disclose to you where the section is from and who the creator is. Immediately you can increase a feeling of the entry's specific situation, which is useful for understanding its principle reason. In a portion taken from a course book called Introduction to Psychology, for instance, you can induce that the composing will in all likelihood be educational, scholastic, objective, and illustrative. Be wary about making presumptions before you even beginning perusing - rather, utilize the ad spot to illuminate you, while staying liberal about the entry's substance and importance. After this initial step, you may hop directly into perusing the entry. Different understudies decide to lookover the inquiries first before perusing. How about we think about both of these choices as a component of Step 2. Stage 2 Understudies vary in what they feel is their best understanding methodology. I'll introduce the alternatives regarding what I think works best for the biggest number of individuals. In my eyes, Option C, while favored by a few, can be a period squanderer that is not as compelling as the initial two techniques. Alternative A: Read the Questions First, at that point Skim the Passage Second With this alternative, you begin byreading once again the inquiries before perusing the section. Thusly you'll know what substance you're searching for, and you can peruse with a recognizing eye. On the off chance that questions allude to a particular lines inside the section, at that point make an imprint on the entry close to that line so you'll know to focus on it when you read. Concerning the primary concern or broadly useful inquiries, circle those and leave them for last, after you've had the opportunity to peruse the entry, process it, and dissect it with some other, more conscientious inquiries first. In this example(click to see nitty gritty PDF), I circumnavigated questions 31, 33, and 39, on the grounds that they get some information about fundamental thoughts and primary purposes. Inquiry 33 is simply posing about the reason for a passage, so I made an imprint by Paragraph 4 and noted primary reason. I underlined and checked explicit line references, just as the significant purposes of each question. This shows you shouldbe watching out while skimming for data about female eels' understudies and hatchlings found by Schmidt. When you've denoted the section and questions, you can feel free to peruse the entry rapidly. Try not to do a nearby perusing purpose on seeing each line. Rather, skim the section, giving specific consideration to the last line of the main passage (typically the postulation), the basic sentences of sections, and the conclusion.It's likewise useful to keep an eye out for progress words that mark a continuation of or move in thoughts, as besides or in any case. As I would like to think, this is the best system for perusing the entries, since it disposes of the possibility to sit around idly on irrelevant pieces of the entry. While you may enjoycurling up with a decent book at home and losing all sense of direction in the story, the ACT Reading doesn't allow for close, escalated perusing. This methodology encourages you pick outthe significant subtleties and smooth out your time the executives. How about we investigate the subsequent choice for Step 2, which a great deal of understudies depend on, also. Choice B: SkimthePassage First, at that point Read the Questions Second A few understudies discover it diverting to look over the inquiries before perusing. They like to skim the entry first and afterward take a gander at the inquiries, when they have a feeling of its substance, structure, and reason. In this methodology, indistinguishable principles of skimming from portrayed above despite everything apply, and you can at present increase the entry once you begin attempting to assist yourself with finding significant subtleties and guarantee that you have proof to back up your answers. To make sense of which approach you like, I suggest attempting both with planned practice tests. In the wake of scoring your tests and thinking about how well it functioned for you, you can choose if you're increasingly engaged and loosened up perusing the inquiries first or the section first. The third choice for Step 2 is my least top pick, since I don't believe it's an especially proficient approach to move toward the entries. Choice C: Read the Passage Closely In this third choice, you may do a nearby perusing of the section, instead of skimming it for significant focuses. At that point you'd proceed to peruse and respond to the inquiries. I feel this choice sits around idly, yet additionally doesn't mirror the motivation behind the Reading segment, which, in any case, includes speed and productivity. You just have around 52 seconds for every inquiry, less in the event that you incorporate the time you spent perusing, so most understudies are in an ideal situation skimming and afterward returning to search for solid proof once they begin filling in answers. Presently how about we make a glance at Stride 3, which is more direct. Stage 3 Basically, this is the place you begin responding to the inquiries. Regardless of whether you picked Option B in Step 2, it's useful to answer the detail and line explicit inquiries first and leave the broadly useful inquiries for the end. It's likewise useful to come up withyour own response to an inquiry before taking a gander at the four answer decisions. They may confound you by all sounding conceivable. On the off chance that you know what the right answer is directly off the bat, at that point you can search for it in the appropriate response decisions. In case you don't know about the appropriate response a

They Will Be Proud free essay sample

I lived in an unassuming community in Mexico named Tepalcingo. The avenues made of little shakes, the streets self-destructing a lot of like the houses. Children would go around playing with old toys and mud. I was that kid, my family battled. We lived in a little house made of tree limbs with mud that helped them keep awake; and the wet earthy colored mud was our floor, one bed for five individuals; my folks, my two more established sisters and myself. We didn’t have a spot to shower, and we utilized an enormous canister with a little holder to pour water over ourselves and warmed water over a carefully assembled chimney. My father was rarely home, he was away working in a production line, while my mother remained at home and dealt with us.My sisters and I generally trusted that my father will return home he would present to us our preferred yogurt, until one day he didn’t appear. We will compose a custom article test on They Will Be Proud or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I didn’t know why at the time nor would I comprehend: I was just 2, yet my mother did, so did my sisters. After a year I was on a plane gone to the U.S. The whole time I thought my father hadabandoned us; he was endeavoring to get us to a greener, better spot. As I grew up, we moved around a ton. Cash was tight, when I was seven we imparted a two room condo to my uncle and his companion. They had one room, and we had the other. Living in Oregon was distinctive contrasted with Mexico. Rather than remaining at home with my mother and aiding around the house, I never observed my mother or father. My more established sister Marlen resembled my mom. Each morning for school she’d wake me up, we would eat our oat half snoozing. I would sit on a seat before my television watching music recordings, my eyes half shut and my body anxious. I have to wake up I can’t miss school. It was uncommon to have my mother home when Id wake up for school. I was use to it. To see her there one morning it was abnormal, and I proceeded with my morning schedule. While I was eating my oat with my siste rs, my mother revealed to me she would take me to my bus station. I had never been so upbeat I immediately got up and hurried to get my rucksack. We surged out the entryway and advanced toward the bus station, most of the way there we heard a humming sound; it was her chief. All I heard was â€Å"Ill be prepared in 5 minutes† she cleaned condos with different women so her getting called arbitrarily was nothing unexpected. My mom bowed down and kissed me and said sorry. She strolled back home, and I strolled to my bus station. The whole transport ride I hushed up. No words no outward appearances just tears gradually advancing down my face. Do my folks abhor me? Is that why they never need to be near. Some time passed by, and I started to get everything. My folks didn’t abhor me, truth be told, they cherished me so much they buckled down all day every day to accommodate our family. They may have been depleted, yet they never surrendered. When I was ten my folks were maintaining two sources of income. I saw them both return home late around evening time. Drained, exhausted and focused on, they never realized I saw them along these lines on the grounds that when I exited to embrace them, they would grin and imagine they were alright. I’d embrace them and kiss them goodnight. I trust they’re OK. They appear to be so worn out please God let them rest.I grew up, and things were showing signs of improvement. We got our own loft, and my folks were home all the more regularly now, not as pushed yet at the same time tired. My folks have endeavored to get our family to where we are currently. No, we dont have a ton of cash, yet we are wealthy in affection. They trained me numerous significant exercises I despite everything convey with me right up 'til today. Exercises that I attempt to utilize each day, in circumstances that are esteemed reasonable. In a large number of my classes in secondary school, I have made some unpleasant memories understanding what is happening or what I need to do. I sit in class my folks experienced so a lot and overcame it I can as well. It spurs me to connect and have a go at something new. Im glad to have guardians like mine. I may not live in a gigantic house and have every one of these extravagances, however theyve given me what I need if not more, my family under one rooftop sound and that to me is extremely valuable. I need to make my folks pleased, I challenge myself and will keep on provoking myself to arrive at my objectives to show my folks that their difficult work has paid off also.

Compare the portrayal of Clytaemnestra in both Aeschylus Essay Example for Free

Think about the depiction of Clytaemnestra in both Aeschylus Essay Think about the depiction of Clytaemnestra in both Aeschylus Agamemnon and Euripides Electra. Which depiction do you believe is progressively viable and why? The character of Clytaemnestra is depicted contrastingly in both Aeschylus Agamemnon and Euripides Electra. In Agamemnon, we see an extremely solid female ruler, who is totally consumed by her enthusiasm for retaliation, while the figure in Electra is unmistakably increasingly maternal, and shows a worry for her family and notoriety, which was not clear in Aeschylus play. This curbed form of Clytaemnestra demonstrates a glaring difference to the savage and predominant character in Agamemnon, anyway the two characters stay interesting for various reasons. The Clytaemnestra of Agamemnon is by all accounts daring of revenge, with a faultless confidence in her own honesty; I have no dread that his justice fighters track will shake this house. In Electra, be that as it may, we see a totally different character, lowered throughout the years, and scared of Orestes, Im terrifiedthey state he is brimming with outrage for his dads demise. These various responses to a similar subject accentuate how enormously the character of Clytaemnestra contrasts in each play, from the resigned and curbed housewife of Electra, to the confident and sure murderess of Agamemnon. One clarification for the adjustments in character of Clytaemnestra in these plays is the timescale in which they are set. The occasions in Electra happen quite a long while after those in Agamemnon, and the more develop and more quiet Clytaemnestra we see depicted in Euripides play could be because of the impact of time on her, and the way that she has had quite a while in which to think about her activities and understand the full degree of the violations that she submitted against her significant other. In Electra, Clytaemnestra states how harshly I think twice about it now concerning the homicide she has submitted, indicating that she has for sure been pondering the occasions of the past and apologizes her activities. This Clytaemnestra is exceptionally quelled in contrast with the character depicted by Aeschylus, and despite the fact that we can see some proof of the enthusiasm and crude vitality that made the character so entrancing in Agamemnon, for example when she endeavors to legitimize her homicide of Agamemnon to her little girl; for what reason would it be advisable for him to not kick the bucket? it is clear in Electra that Clytaemnestra is to take second stage to her little girl with respect to unhindered fierceness and a desire for retaliation. This more seasoned, more shrewd Clytaemnestra still stays vital to the plot, however not as a focal character, and is simply a sorry excuse for her previous self, the sure, ground-breaking animal who directed the activity of Aeschylus play. The style of the two writers is an eminent distinction in the two plays, and the portrayal of Clytaemnestra changes enormously because of this. Euripides, the more present day o the two tragedists, would in general utilize sophistic contentions to perplex the crowds desires for a character. With Clytaemnestra, for example, he chose to move away from her huge picture the crowd would have expected after plays, for example, Agamemnon, and rather depicted her as a gentler, maternal figure. This method was improved by the way that we don't see Clytaemnestra until the second 50% of the play; just find out about her from Electra. The picture depicted by this character is like the one depicted in Agamemnon, to such an extent as the crowd can ponder whether Euripides is deliberately caricaturing this adaptation of occasions, as he had done before in the play with the acknowledgment scene, an away from of The Libation Bearers. Aeschylus, an unmistakably increasingly customary dramatist, depict s Clytaemnestra in her exemplary style, as the murderess of her own significant other. This depiction is, be that as it may, fairly thoughtful towards Clytaemnestra, and we can feel some sympathy towards her, despite the fact that this doesn't pardon her activities. Aeschylus gave the crowd an unmistakable good angle in his disasters, and they know through both the utilization of the tune, and the play itself, whose side to be on, from an ethical point of view. Euripides then again, would in general be purposely questionable, and his treatment of Clytaemnestra is run of the mill of this. The different sides of the lady that are uncovered in this play; the merciless enemy of Agamemnon, as observed through the eyes of Electra, and the transformed spouse of Aegisthus, as is later depicted. This utilization of sophistic methods so as to puzzle the crowds desires is normal in the plays of Euripides, and is especially viable in this depiction of such an interesting lady. The way that Clytaemnestra is the focal character in Agamemnon yet just has a little influence in Euripides Electra additionally represents a few contrasts in her character. The Clytaemnestra in Agamemnon shows up continually all through the play, and through this we can see the advancement of her character from the solid spouse taking care of her husbands domain while he is at war: Our ruler and pioneer absentour obligation pays his due recognition to his better half, to the fierce courtesan who kills her significant other without regret toward the finish of the play: got by the savage lie of a wife. Aeschylus can build up his character over a far more prominent stretch of time than Euripides as, in Electra, Clytaemnestra just shows up in one scene. The way that Clytaemnestra is the fundamental hero in Agamemnon permits us to inspect her character to a far more prominent degree, empowering us to perceive how fixated she has become with the possibility of retribution, and the homicide of her significant other: His demise crafted by my correct hand, whose craftsmanship Justice recognizes. In Electra, the character of Clytaemnestra isn't given as much time to create, and we need to make presumptions on her dependent on the short discourse among her and Electra.

Organization Shall Ziaratgul Choose Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

As Ziarat gull dont have the required capital and financial resource to start up his business he would need external finance here to start new business he can borrow money from his friends and family. Friends and family who are helpful of the business idea offer money either directly to the Ziarat gull or into the business.   This can be faster and inexpensive to arrange (definitely compared with a regular bank loan) and the interest and payment terms can be more flexible than a bank loan. The other way which will help him to raise findings is the capital brought in to the business by the partners. Leasing is the other option which will help him to raise funds for his venture. Leasing a form of rental he can take assets like vehicles, computers, tracking systems and office equipments on lease. A lease is an treaty between two parties the lessee and lessor. Lessor is the one who owns the assets and give his asset on lease. Lessee is the one who takes an asset on lease and in return make payments to the lessor. Task for p3: Please justify what will be the implications of your Choices suggested for question 1 2? There are going to be advantages and disadvantages of both the type of organization chosen by Ziarat gull that is partnership and the sources of finance through which he raises funds for his new venture that is borrowing from and family and leasing. Advantages of partnership ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Partnerships are comparatively easy to start. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ With more than one owner, the capability to raise funds can be increased, together because two or more partners may be able to contribute more capitals and because their borrowing ability may be larger. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Potential employees may be attracted to the business if given the motivation to become a partner. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ A partnership may benefit from the mixture of complimentary talents of two or more persons. There is a broader pool of knowledge, skills and links. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Partnerships can be cost-effective as every partner specializes in certain parts of their business. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Partnerships provide moral support and will let for additional creative brainstorming. Disadvantages of partnership ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Business partners are jointly and individually liable for the activities of the other partners. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Profits need to be shared with others. You must to decide on how you worth each others time and skills. What occurs if one partner can put in less time due to private situations? ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Since decisions are shared, differences can arise. A partnership is for the long term, and expectations and conditions can vary, which can lead to dramatic and disturbing split ups. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The partnership may have a narrow life; it may finish upon the withdrawal or death of a partner. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ A partnership often has limitations that keep it from becoming a huge business. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ You have to consult your partner and discuss more as you cannot make decisions by yourself. You thus need to be more flexible. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ A key disadvantage of a partnership is unlimited liability. Overall partners are liable without limit for all debts contracted and faults made by the partnership. For instance, if you own only 1 percent of the partnership and the business flops, you will be called upon to pay 1 percent of the bills and the other partners will be assessed their 99 percent. Though, if your partners cannot pay, you may be called upon to pay all the debts even if you must sell off all your properties to do so. This makes partnerships too dangerous for most circumstances. Advantages of borrowing from friends and family Speed ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢One advantage of borrowing money from friends and family lies in its comparative speed in contrast to borrowing from traditional lending institutes. Borrowing money to start a business can take weeks or months when going through a bank; friends and family fellows may be ready to cut a check on the spot, based on the level of urgency involved or how much money you are requesting. Friends and family members can also simply pick up the telephone to request an instant bank transfer, with loans arriving in your account just a few hours later. Processing ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢When borrowing money from banks and other groups, youll normally have to show bulks of documentation proving to your credit worthiness. This may include gathering old bank statements, check stubs; tax returns even divorce papers and bankruptcy documents. Reference checks, several meetings with credit specialists and other hoops can make the procedure quite lengthy. An advantage to borrowing money from friends and family fellows is that the procedure is less complex. As they know and trust you, you will have less to prove before borrowing can still take place. Interest ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Another advantage to borrowing money from friends and family is that you will likely pay lower interest rates and processing fees, making it inexpensive and speedier to pay back the loan. And certain friends and family members might decide not to charge interest at all. Altruism ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢Friends and family may take pride in lending you money for a worthy pursuit, such as beginning a business. This sense of altruism is the other advantage of borrowing money from loved ones. They will feel invested in your forthcoming success and will enjoy having played a vital part in helping you achieve your dreams. Disadvantages of borrowing from friends and family No Credit Reporting ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢When you take a loan from a bank, the lender can report your payment history to a credit agency. If you did not make timely payments and does not pay off the loan as agreed, it can negatively affect your credit score. However if you get a loan from a family member not from a bank, that info is not reported to credit agency. Reputation One of the disadvantages of borrowing from a family member is that if you default on the loan, your monetary reputation is not the only issue at stake. If you cannot return the loan as promised your family reputation is at danger as well. Borrowing from a family member can lead to suspicion and conflict disputes among family members if the debt is not repaid. Advantages of leasing (I) No Large Outlay The major advantage of leasing equipment is that the cost is spread over a number of years; there is no necessity for you to pay the whole amount upfront. This can significantly help uphold cash flow, which is serious to all businesses. Poor cash flow is the chief cause of business flops, and leasing can help you to keep it under well control. Leasing can also let you to use better equipment e.g. A more efficient ,faster ,more accurate product that would be very much expensive to buy outright. (ii) Security When you lease a product, it is still owned by the leasing firm, which means that they have better security on your finance. This means you are not likely to need any more security to be able to start a leasing contract, and so you have a much better chance of approval (passing the credit check) than with other methods of finance. (iii) Tax Advantages Lease rentals are considered as an working cost, which means that it is frequently possible to subtract them from taxable profits as a trading expense. Though, you should always check that the equipment which you are buying is qualified before agreeing to a contract. (iv) Budgeting As a lease agreement is almost always a fixed contract, it is quite easy to budget and estimate with. The amount can be functioned into your businesses budget much easily than an unevenly happening lump sum; allowing you to keep a much better control over present and future cash flow. In the event that you need an item substituting speedily, you can do so with a comparatively slight monthly adjustment to the budget, instead of a lump sum that could extremely harm cash flow. Disadvantages of leasing (I) No Ownership The chief disadvantage of leasing is that you never own the merchandise. It remains the property of the leasing company through and after the lease. As you do not own the merchandise, you are not able to sell it in the event it is no longer required, and you cannot upgrade to a newer or better product without either paying off the remaining contract, or paying a huge fee to abandon the contract. You also need to keep on paying a lesser lease cost, even after the cost of the equipment has been completely covered. (ii) Long Term Expense Although leasing allows you to evade paying a huge lump sum, over a long period of time it often works out considerably much more expensive. Over the passage of a standard lease, you pay the cost of the equipment and also the leasing companies charges. After the lease ends you need to keep on paying rental to use the product. This means that over a number of years, you will pay more than the real cost of the equipment without ever really owning it. (iii) Maintenance Even though you do not own the equipment that you lease, you are still accountable for its maintenance and repair. Unless you have specifically skilled and trained workers to fix the equipment, then this could prove very expensive in the event of a serious error. Certain leasing companies will allow you to cover the maintenance and repair charges for an additional sum. This is added to the monthly leasing cost. This will increase your monthly expenditures. Task for M1: How shall the fund be raised in this new Scenario? In order to expand their business they would need other sources of financed which are shown in the graph below imagesCA29DE9D.jpg Retained Profits: This is a source of finance that would only be available to a firm that already exists. Profits from a firm can be used by the owners for their own personal use The owner of Ziarat Gul bus services will have to decide what the best alternative for their business is. In the early stages of their growth, it may be necessary to put back a lot of earnings into the business. This finance can be used to buy new equipment and machinery or raw materials and hopefully make the business more efficient and profitable in the future Floating shares on stock market. Their business is already running successfully and they want to expand their business so they float their shares on to the stock exchange market to generate revenue which they can use to expand their business. Share capital is the money invested in a company by the shareholders. Share capital is a long-term source of finance. In return for their investment, shareholders gain a share of the ownership of the company. Plan and Savings: The owner of Ziarat Gull Bus services should consider business revenue as a source for financing. Make an expansion plan and then forecast how long it will take the business to save the money needed to finance it. If the schedule for expansion and the money saving forecast are well-matched, then plan on using business money to pay for the expansion. Tanks for M2: What shall be the modification in its legal status as a registered company? First it was Ziarat Gul Bus Service but to raise the finance Ziarat had to float his shares on the stock market, for that he had to bring some changes to the business. That is he gave his business a legal status to the business, hence the business is now called Ziarat Gul Bus service (pvt) ltd. This is because the control still lies in the hands of the owner as he had retained 51% of the shares of his business and floated 49% lies in the hands of shareholders Task for M3: Which Stock Exchange in Pakistan should it register with? Or why should it choose between ISE, LSE and KSE? They should choose KSE (Karachi stock exchange) because it has the most listed companies compare to the other stock exchange in Pakistan. Advantages: They will more opportunities in KSE. More effective trading. Huge market to float shares in. Large number of brokers. karachi_stock_exchange_20060904.jpg Task for D1: Will Mr. Ziarat Gul and his newly named company directly approach the share holders or is there a mechanism mentioned in your book that facilitates this process? Since Ziarat Gulls business is now a private limited company and has a legal status , he can now sell his business shares on the stock market. To reach the share holders he would have to go through a whole chain or path of the stock exchange. They will first go to over the counter(OTC) their shares will be floated on OTC. This is becouse this business is a newly established business and they cant compet with the other huge and successful businesses which are listed on the stock exchange. Mr. Ziarat Gull cant reach every share holder directly because it is dificult and time consuming task, so there should be a middle man who can connect the share holders and the owner, and for this there are brockers who connect both of them.

Average Score on AP Calculus BC Exam

Whats an average AP Calculus BC score? If youve just taken the test or plan to do so next year, then this question has probably crossed your mind. In this post, we will discuss scores on the AP Calculus BC exam and how those scores can benefit you in your college career. The Calculus BC Score Unlike the SAT or ACT, the AP exams have a very small range of possible scores: 1 through 5. The main reason for this scheme is that each numeric score represents a different level of mastery, much like the letter grade system that you probably use in your school. According to College Board, here is how you might interpret your numeric score. No recommendation (F) Possibly qualified (D) Qualified (C) Well qualified (B) Extremely well qualified (A) See the following helpful article for more details: What Are AP Test Scores? AB Subscore In addition, when you take the Calculus BC exam, you will receive a separate score called the AB subscore. This subscore is also in the range from 1 to 5. The AB subscore measures how well you did on just the AB material on the test. In other words, if you had taken the AP Calculus AB exam instead, then your score would probably be at or around the level of your AB subscore. A small number of colleges and universities will award credit or waive a pre-requisite calculus course based on a high enough AB subscore, even if your overall BC score was not very high. BC Exam Score Distribution You can look up data about the AP exam scores here. Below you can see a chart showing the percentages of students scoring at each level. AP Calculus BC score distribution As you can see, most students do score in the 4-5 range. In fact, almost half of the students taking the BC test earn a 5. The median score is 4. Lets figure out the average! (.126)(1) + (.059)(2) + (.176)(3) + (.155)(4) + (.484)(5) = 3.812 But Dont Expect an Easy Exam! Now does this mean that the BC test is really easy? Absolutely not! The AP Calculus BC exam is probably one of the most challenging standardized tests that you could take while in high school. It covers the equivalent of two full semesters of college level calculus. Rise to the Challenge So why are the scores typically so high on this test? Scores tend to be high on the BC exam because only those students who know that they will succeed and have prepared adequately will sign up for the test. If youre in AP Calculus in high school, your teacher may give an incentive for signing up for an AP exam (for example, allowing you to skip the final exam if you take the AP). The end result is that many students sign up for the easier of the two exams (AP Calculus AB) just to avoid a final. Only the truly dedicated and motivated students who want to work primarily in a STEM major in college would consider taking the BC test. Im ready for this! Go After It! So if you feel that youre up to the challenge, and you want to try to earn the equivalent of an entire year of calculus at your chosen college or university, then go for it! Keep in mind that the Calculus BC exam will not be easy. However, if you know the material and have prepared yourself by doing innumerable practice problems and mock tests, then you too can score a 5.

The Success Of The Goal - 977 Words

The targets supporting the achievement of the goal can be measured, are indeed being measured but fail to provide built in incentives or sanctions should these targets not be met or fulfilled. The idea is to put a stop to deforestation, restore land and water ecosystems, protect the planet’s biodiversity and various species. Key to the success of the goal is the target to significantly increase financial resources to support conservation, sustainable development and ensure equitable sharing and access to resources. Although these targets can be measured, the accuracy of the data can be called into question because government sources are not always the most trustworthy. Some geographical areas of the world have shown to have skewed the facts (â€Å"Spot the Rancher†). The failure of the Kyoto accord and the Canadian tar sands illuminate the uphill battle the UN faces in attaining their goal. As long as elected officials choose to favour economic growth and profit over su stainable development and equality the goal will not be achieved and the targets are irrelevant. The targets are measurable. Organizations such as the World Resources Institute have been working to create an international forest watch. With the use of satellites and technology that provides new ways of detecting deforestation patterns, forests can be far more easily monitored an analyzed. This gives governments an ability to police their forests and allows them to be alerted when certain areas are in dangerShow MoreRelatedGoals And Goals For Academic Success946 Words   |  4 PagesGoal 1: This goal is written measurably because it is something as a class we can keep her accountable for and help her succeed by giving her feedback. Others reading this would understand her intent because in order for her to improve at something she would need constructive feedback from people/teachers/peers to increase her academic and even her overall performance. This goal is objective because her instructors can further her academic success by evaluating her performance and can see her changeR ead MoreGoals Lead to Success831 Words   |  4 PagesGoals lead to your Success Have you ever wondered what it means to set goals? Well, goal setting means to make a plan for yourself which you like to achieve so that after every goal you can feel good. After completing every goal you will feel great! Like Psychologist Carol Dweck says â€Å"having a growth mindset you Believe the harder you work, the better you can become†. But then again, we have to have realistic and do-able goals not those that we will never complete. For my own goals, I would likeRead MoreGoals, Objectives, And Success950 Words   |  4 Pageslife we have ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ three things we should focus on our goals, objectives, and success in life. We always have goals to reach whether it is small goals or big goals. Many people would define goals as an achievement made but Webster dictionary defines it as something that you are trying to do or achieve. Goals can vary in many factors whether your goals are to be rich, humble, or have a family. Many people do not realize that you can’t just have goals and meet them. Instead you should set up steps to achieveRead MoreMentoring And The Goal Of Success Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesof items in mind all with the intention of supporting the new student and I would also have ways to monitor and continue that support with the goal of success for that student. Mentoring is a necessary part of any classroom or even for any job where an employer hopes to fill a position with a highly qualified person and intends to set them up for success. Catholic schools need strong mentoring programs that not only support the retention of highly qualified teachers but also mentor them in multileveledRead MoreThe Goal For Occupational Success1871 Words   |  8 Pagesmy main goal. With these goals will benefit me in being successful and achieving who I want to be in life and as an individual. Three goals I wish to achieve are having occupational success, in which long term I will strive to move up in my position and earn a promotion in a few years from now. Another goal for occupational success is short term in which I will be more self-controlled at work and will ensure that no uninhabitable behavior is demonstrated. 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Even though one style of learning is only needed to succeed, learning different styles of learning will give you greater success. This essay will explain what was learned and how it will be applied inRead MoreThe Success Is The Accomplishment Of Ones Goals1499 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the meanings of the word success is the accomplishment of one’s goals. Throughout our lives we make a lot of goals because we want to be happy with ourselves. The majority of the time we make a goal it’s because we are motivated. We get ready to do anything it takes to accomplish our goals because we believe we can. But people set aside their goals for numerous reasons. I myself have set aside goals of my own numerous of times. The one goal that seems to bother me often is working out on aRead MoreAcademic Success : Career Goals930 Words   |  4 Pages Continuing Academic Success Continuing Academic Success remain beneficial to my life by reason of I hunger a better paying job to provide for my family and I realize studying strong and working hard will secure success in school and in life. The benefits of creating an educational goal remain as follows limitations of stress, focus on time management and lastly exceptional writing skills. Educational and career goals primarily focus on the ability to secure and maintain successfulRead MoreAcademic Success : Career Goals1378 Words   |  6 PagesContinuing Academic Success Brianne Ard Gen/201 June 29, 2015 Christina Gruca Continuing Academic Success Introduction â€Å"Motivation is defined as the general desire or willingness of someone to do something, but often finding the desire within you can prove difficult. One of the keys to success is to be able to self-motivate and not depend on external forces to deliver your drive† (Stone, 2015, para. 1). Starting something new in life, such as deciding to earn my master’s degree in Psychology

Essay on Social Policy Development - 1431 Words

It was not until the time of Sigmund Freud that people looked at the psyches of an individual and how that could impact an individual’s life. Before that time, children were viewed as extra farm hands and generally as cheap labor. Families did not consider the possible negative impact this could have on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of human development and expanded the thought processes that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories about human development. Freud created the doorway by which all future developmental researchers were able to walk through to advance the study. While, experts have clearly not agreed on†¦show more content†¦Poverty is a generational issue, and most of the time mothers do not know how to care emotionally for their children. Poverty is one of the risk factors that have additional consequences that accompany it. Povert y brings several things with it that increase the infant’s exposure to physical, emotional, and cognitive harm. Infants and children raised in poverty are less likely to receive basic medical treatment and simple untreated illnesses can have a devastating lifelong effect. Families are more likely to live in substandard conditions that expose the youth to environmental risks such as contaminated drinking water and lead. Underlying stressors associated with poverty are financial stressors and depression among the youth’s caregiver. These issues can lead to ignoring of the infant’s emotional needs and the infant misses the opportunity to create a lifelong bond with another and trust in another being able to meet their needs. Inadequate parenting can occur over a child’s entire life span with different and yet still devastating results. As stated in by Hutchinson in her book Dimensions of Human Behavior, Changing the Life Course (2008): The most pervasive response to inadequate care giving is nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT). This diagnosis is used to describe infants, usually between the ages three to twelve months, who show poor development, primarily in terms of weightShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of The Welfare State And Social Policies1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of the Welfare State and Social Policies have been based on assumptions about gender, race, ability/disability and age. Discuss this statement with reference to one of the highlighted issues and illustrate your discussion with at least one area of Social Policy Disability is an umbrella term used to cover impairments, activity limitation and participation restrictions. Disability is not just a health problem but a complex phenomenon (WHO 2015). Disability has been a neglected areaRead MoreThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children Children in the United Kingdom are key consumers of social policy. They consume a vast amount of the many services provided by this Country. Services such as health care through Doctors, hospitals and clinics, the education system which is largely devoted financially to the schooling of young people, and also the social security system which is stretched by children whose parents are in need of income Read MoreLearning Guides for Practitioners Working with Children1984 Words   |  8 Pagespractitioners are expected to understand the effect of the spaces on children and young during transitions and be able to demonstrate skills and knowledge to shape their relationships between peers and with adults, to influence their physical, cultural, social interactions and be able to explore different standpoints. (Open University 2014, Learning Guide 15.1) Similarly, it was suggested that thinking spatial can be one of the critical thinking skills of practitioners when working with children and youngRead MoreHuman Behavior And Social Systems Development : Case Management, Direct Practice And Advocacy For Policy Development1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers are professionals who promote social change through problem solving in human relationships. To ensure the wellbeing of clients they promote empowerment strategies and liberation tools. Social workers apply theories of human behavior and social systems development to support people’s positive interactions with the environment. Social workers play three major roles in working with children and their families. These three roles are key in the following practice arenas: case managementRead MoreSocial Policy: Supporting Children in Care and Adult Care Leavers1445 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Policy Social Policy Supporting Children in Care and Adult Care Leavers Social Policy The main aim of this new social policy in the United Kingdom is to ensure that children who leave care have similar access to educational opportunities like other children within the entire society. Children who leave care lack the needed knowledge and capacity to survive in the society since they have limited access to essential resources in the contemporary world. The education of children in and leavingRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Welfare1640 Words   |  7 Pagesassumption that the development of welfare states was in direct response to social needs brought by industrialization and economic development. In fact the early scholarship in social policy did not question the causational effect between economic development and development of welfare states. Understanding that economic development alone cannot sufficiently explain why some countries developed into full welfare states while others did not prevail until the emergence of social democratic theory andRe ad MoreEssay on social policy1190 Words   |  5 Pagesand Social Care Student Name Unit 7: Social Policy Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 07/03/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1 Understand the origins of social policies 2.1 Analyse the processes involved in the development ofRead MoreEconomic And Human Development Policies Since Independence886 Words   |  4 PagesTanzania, education has been entrenched in economic and human development policies since independence in1961. As a result, policy makers continue to treasure the vital role of education in poverty reduction and in the acceleration of social and economic development (URoT, 2011; Wabike, 2014). The urgent need of education in development achievement for instance, persuaded Tanzania to espouse the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in1974 promoting education for all children under Education forRead MoreElectoral Pressures In Africa Case Study1531 Words   |  7 PagesHave electoral pressures of the post-1990 period reshaped the economic policies pursued by African governments? Why or why not? In you answer, be sure to contrast the pre- and post-1990 periods, and use the experience of two African countries to support your answer Electoral pressures and economic policies in Africa: Past records and prospects Introduction: The 1990s represent a period of electoral pressures for most Sub-Saharan African countries as governments faced external influences for politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Bolsa Familia Springs From A Long Tradition Of Welfare And Development1471 Words   |  6 Pageswelfare and development strategies in Latin America. Economic and social development are of central concern to governments and development agencies worldwide due to their direct link to equality. This can be explained through the well-defined link between income levels and health, education and nutritional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing inequality in order to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Thus, reducing inequality is central to the success of policy initiatives

Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles - 1307 Words

In the play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, she relates the title of her play to how the women in this play are treated with very little respect and authority. Mr. Wright overpowers his wife and he just does not realize that until it is to late and she kills him. The two women in this play that go into the house with the attorney and the sheriff for the investigation934 were the ones to discover the evidence of what clearly happened. The two women end up hiding the evidence from the two men to help out Mrs. Wright because she is in jail at the time. The two men investigating the house can’t seen to find anything out of the ordinary, but little did they know that the women had already solved the case. Is it right that the women hide this from the men because they can see that she was treated badly, or should the women have turned the evidence over to the men that they overlooked? The women in this play are justified by being silent, by hiding the evidence by the title of the play being â€Å"Trifles†. Female characters in the play express a desire to help each other in a time of need. In the play â€Å"Trifles† Mrs. Hale says, â€Å"(with a slow look around her.) I wonder how it would seem never to have had any children around. (Pause.) No, Wright wouldn’t like the bird—a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that, too† (1045). She started to realize that this woman has been going through a hard time and her husband is the one to blame for that. The critic Karen Stein explains,Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 983 Words   |  4 Pagespreconception someone makes based on gender, race, or religion that in this case is by gender, and affects women based on their expected gender roles. Women endlessly have expectations that go along with being a wife, mother, or simply a female. In Trifles by Susan Glaspell, 1955 by Alice Walker, and Girl by Jamaica Kincaid women are stereotyped by me n and told to follow unwritten but expected roles such as being seen and not heard. As well as how they present themselves, their behavior, and tasks they needRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1203 Words   |  5 PagesA Love Gone Bad A woman who was once full of life and happiness is now left with no joy in her life. In the play, â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, we see how Mrs. Wright has changed over the years. We see how cheerful she was before marrying Mr. Wright. While trying to solve the murder, the author uses symbolism, conflict, and irony. The are many examples of conflict in this play. The most apparent conflict is that between the men and the women in the play. In the first parts of the investigation,Read MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1056 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early 1900’s, both males and females were perceived as complete opposites of eachother. Women were considered physically weaker and morally superior to men. The gender roles during this time period were clearly demonstrated in the play â€Å"Trifles†, by Susan Glaspell. At a first glance it may seem like the play is only about the death of Mr. Wright. The play could simply be interpreted that the characters all work together to determine the murderer of Mr. Wright. The initial perception overlooksRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1293 Words   |  6 Pagesthe history of the world. Yet, humanity’s statement to symbols goes beyond us finding meaning in innominate or non-human objects. People assign hum anity into objects, almost a part of themselves. This concept is clearly demonstrated in Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles. The work contains many element of symbolism that make important and relieving comments on the characters of the play and the themes of the story. One of the first symbols introduced in the work, Mrs. Wright’s apron is deeply symbolicRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 988 Words   |  4 PagesA Heavy Conscience â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell is a short play built around the murder of John Wright. Throughout the play there are numerous entwined themes and ideas. With closer examination of Glaspell’s work it is clear that there is a far greater plot in action than just a murder. Mrs. Minnie Wright has been arrested for the murder of her husband while the investigation is active. Interestingly enough the murder is not the focused of this play. The focus is how two wives Mrs. Hale and MrsRead MoreAn Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe play Trifles written by Susan Glaspell is a mystery story of a murder that takes place in a small farming town. At the time the play was written women in the united states were still not given the opportunity to vote. It is through the mystery of this murder that we find the role of gender to be a major factor throughout the entirety of the play. In the play, we are given tandems of females and males to follow as they seek to solve the mystery of how Mrs. Wright’s husband was murdered. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiple themes that a story is trying to convey. In Susan Glaspell s, Trifles, she meticulously incorporates significant symbols that help the reader recognize and construe the depth of the significance of the jar of fruit preserves, quilt, bird, and the bird cage. Things are not always as insignificant as they appear to be, and Glaspell s play is a prime example of how important it is to read between the lines. A central theme in Glaspell s play is gender obedience, displayed seemingly by MrsRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1714 Words   |  7 PagesFaulkner and Trifles written by Susan Glaspell loneliness, poverty and isolation consume the lives of the characters. Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles† written in 1916. In this play the author’s talks of her preoccupation with culture- bound notions of gender and sex roles. Glaspell says women are considered trifles which mean they are not important to society which is carried out by men (Baym, p. 742). In Trifles written by Susan Glaspell the time is in the early 20th century. When Glaspell wrote â€Å"Trifles†Read MoreLiterary Analysis of Susan Glaspells Trifles1788 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Natures in Susan Glaspells Trifles A trifle is something that has little value or importance, and there are many seeming trifles in Susan Glaspells one-act play Trifles. The irony is that these trifles carry more weight and significance than first seems to be the case. Just as Glaspells play ultimately reveals a sympathetic nature in Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, the evidence that the men investigators fail to observe, because they are blind to the things that have importanceRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1732 Words   |  7 PagesSusan Glaspell (1876-1948) was an American-born Pulitzer Prize winning writer of both plays and fiction. Glaspell came from humble beginnings and went on to study at Drake University and the University of Chicago. Much of Glaspell s work dealt with the relationships between men and women and the negative effects they have on women. In Glaspell s play Trifles, it is revealed that the operations of patriarchy are just an illusion that men have created to make themselves feel superior to w omen

Snapshot Isolation And There Validation Steps For Update...

TERM REPROT SNAPSHOT ISOLATION Abstract: This paper mainly describes about the snapshot isolation and there validation steps for update transactions and serializability issues of snapshot isolation. To maintain more than one version of a data items it can possible to permit a single transaction to read an existing version of a data item rather than the more update version created by an uncommitted transaction or by a transaction that ought to come later in serialization order. To obtain this there are different types of multi-version concurrency control techniques one of those techniques which widely used in the real world is snapshot isolation. It has been used by major database management system to obtain high throughput. It also provides better performance than the serialzability so it’s gained wide acceptance in commercial and open source systems such as Oracle, SQL, PostgreSQL, Interbase, Firebird. Introduction: Snapshot isolation is a multi-version concurrency control that is very popular and intensely utilized. The snapshot isolation technique was first introduced by the critique of ANSI isolation levels in a paper in 1995. The work on multi-version concurrency control which derived snapshot isolation. Multi-version concurrency is nothing but every transaction is conceded consistent views of the data from the transaction begin and the database will use the existing version of the data to guarantee isolation level is achieved without locking the data. According to

Human Resource Management Strategic Plans

Question: What is best practice Human Resources? Answer: Introduction HR best practices are strategic plans: To improve services of the employee and increase profitability for the employer. Rewards Open house discussion Feedback Highlight performers Fair Evaluation System This slide reflect the why hr practices are required and what are the best practices of hr that can be applied in any organization. The best hr practices would improve the employee retention and maximize the output of the organization that would result in the increase in the profitability of the organization. The above mentioned tools are some of the best hr practices that great organizations have implemented. All these points have been discussed in details in the slides that follow. The points are reward system, open house discussion and feedback, highlight best performers and fair evaluation system and the implementation of all these points would definitely accumulate into in creation of an ideal workplace and affect the organization positively. Rewards System Recognition of Employee Talent The 50/50 division of incentives Cash incentive according to performance Public Appreciation from Colleagues and seniors Reward system plays a vital role in business organization as it boost the morale of the employee and fills them with the sense of appreciation. Reward system promotes the self esteem of the employees and motivates them to perform even better. The work efficiency gets positively affected by the reward system. Open house discussion feedback Ideas are driving force of the world Employees are largest source of ideas Appropriate mechanism could be achieve by: Open house discussion Management- employee meetings Feedback boxes According to this we would discuss about features of exchange of ideas with an organization and how they help an organization to grow. Ideas are the driving force of the world that compels the world to push the existing limits of its periphery. Great organizations are capable of recognizing, nurturing and executing these great ideas. These great ideas were instrumental in the making the great organizations what they are today. The largest mines of ideas are the employees of the organization. The obstacles that might affect the organization adversely and stop the successful implementation of the ideas are an inappropriate mechanism to seize the ideas. An appropriate mechanism would encourage an equal level of participation of the employee in the exchange of information and ideas. An appropriate mechanism enhances through the implementation of the tools like open house discussion, management employee meetings and discussion sessions and feedback boxes that would enable the employees to provide ideas without hesitation. The implementation of the appropriate mechanism would help in locating and nurturing the talent that are present within the organization. Highlight Performers Profiling of the top performers Highlighting the performers Display the names of the performer on Intranet Display board Encourage other employees to perform well Creates a competitive environment This slide points out how to highlight best performers and the importance of doing that. Highlighting the best performers requires the profiling of the all the employees and selecting the best among them. The names of the best performers should be displayed through the intranet network of the company and the display board or any other way of displaying the names. This would encourage the employees and give them a sense of importance consequently the employee would work harder to maintain his position of excellence. Fair Evaluation System The link between organization goal and individual performance. Self evaluation system Achievement based evaluation Feedback from immediate manager Cross functional feedback from second manager This slides focuses on the implementation of an evaluation system that would be able to link the overall goals of the organization and the individual performer. Each and every employee should be guided by a well defined evaluation process. Self evaluation and self rating is an essential tool process through which an employee identifies his short comings and achievements. Through thus evaluation the employee comprehends which parts needs to be rectified and which needs to be maintained. The evaluation process needs to fair and founded on the basis of unbiased judgment thus needs to be linked with the evaluation of the achievements or failures of the employee over a period of time. The employer evaluation should be based done not only by the immediate manager of the employee but by next higher level manager to the employee. This is called cross functional feedback and it is add unbiased feedback and evaluation in the system. References Kooij, D.T., Guest, D.E., Clinton, M., Knight, T., Jansen, P.G. and Dikkers, J.S., 2013. How the impact of HR practices on employee well being and performance changes with age. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(1), pp.18-35. Longenecker, C. and Fink, L.S., 2015. Ten questions that make a difference for HR leadership: The distilled wisdom of two award facilitators. Human Resource Management International Digest, 23(3), pp.20-22. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Ulrich, D., 2013. Human resource champions: The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Harvard Business Press. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 39(2), pp

A History of Israel from the Bronze Age Through the Jewish Wars - Kaiser, Walter C., Jr free essay sample

Kaiser, Walter C. , Jr. A History of Israel: From the Bronze Age through the Jewish Wars. Nashville, TN: Broadman Holman Publishers, 1988. 540 pp. Summary Walter C. Kaiser, Jr. , in the introduction of his book, A History of Israel: From the Bronze Age through the Jewish Wars, describes how scholars have gone from generally accepting the Biblical account as historically accurate to discarding any supernatural events or anything that disagrees with their interpretation of archaeological artifacts and extra-biblical accounts. Kaiser’s attempt to cover the scope of issues and expanse of time involved in the history of Israel takes a pointedly different approach to today’s popular attitude that, â€Å"the Bible is useless for reconstructing the history of Israel. † (xvii) Instead of starting with the popular presupposition today that the Bible is an ethnocentristic account of history full of supernatural events that must be automatically discarded because of an anti-supernatural view of the universe, Kaiser starts with the presupposition that the Bible is trustworthy. We will write a custom essay sample on A History of Israel: from the Bronze Age Through the Jewish Wars Kaiser, Walter C., Jr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kaiser begins with the fact that the Bible has been accepted as trustworthy historically for centuries, but then taking the Bible on its own terms he subjects the claims of scripture to critical methodology to see how they stand up. Contrary to Biblical minimalists, Kaiser considers the claims of the Bible to be, â€Å"reliable – until they are proven to be otherwise. † (xii) To the biblical minimalists Kaiser has dared to do the unthinkable: â€Å"We have dared to use the Bible as a source in the construction of Israel’s history! (xii) In the first chapter Kaiser describes how there is no consensus today of how to interpret historical evidence, particularly written accounts, because any historical account is written from some biased perspective. This is thought to be especially true of the Bible, which is, â€Å"suspect as being a religious document more concerned about getting across a ‘privileged point of view’ than it is in representing fairly the real state of affairs. (2) Kaiser admits that the Bible is not meant to be a history textbook any more than it is a science textbook, and that its main purpose is indeed to reveal who God is and how He deals with man, but it does so using, â€Å"real events from the ancient Near East, against which backdrop the revelation of God was communicated. † (3) In the first chapter Kaiser rebuts the logical fallacies, which are used to exclude the Biblical account of events as historically reliable. The fallacy that history cannot include the supernatural or acts of God assumes that, â€Å"all historical phenomena must be subjected to an analogous explanation, i. e. , one that explains events in terms of other known happenings. † (3) The idea that, â€Å"History cannot include anything that does not have external documentation,† is false in that our available external evidence is random and often cannot prove or disprove events that scholars generally accept as historical fact. The fallacies that, â€Å"History cannot include narratives about individuals, but must focus on nations instead,† (6) and that, â€Å"History must not focus on individuals as shapers of the times, but on sociological factors that attempt to discover general laws and large-scale societal forces the influence historical change,† (7) seem to be largely derived from an abstract Marxist approach to sociology and history in which individuals can play only a minor role in history. I would say that Marx’s philosophy or history has been shown to be a failure by history itself, which records the ultimate failure of nations that tried to implement Marx’s philosophies. Kaiser’s book shows numerous times how the fallacy that, â€Å"History must not give logical and necessary priority to written evidence over material culture,† (7) is weak because the interpretation of material evidence is very subjective and the more material evidence that is uncovered the more it seems to corroborate the written biblical account. The rest of the first chapter describes how the different schools of the study of the history of Israel developed (or digressed) from the traditional approach, which goes on the assumption that, â€Å"the text is innocent until it is proven guilty by external facts,† to scholars who are, â€Å"so skeptical that it seems that skepticism has gone about as far as it can go. † (13) The next chapter gives the geographical description of the land related to the Old Testament events. Kaiser designates four major north-south geographical divisions parallel to the Mediterranean coastline. From west to east they are: the coastal plain along the Mediterranean Sea, the Galilee and central hill country, the Jordan Rift valley and the Transjordanian Highlands. Kaiser describes how Israel occupied a key position in the middle of what is know as the Fertile Crescent, and the role her neighbors played with Egypt to the south, Asia Minor and Syria to the north and Mesopotamia (the â€Å"land between the rivers†) to the east. Throughout the rest of the book Kaiser shows how understanding of the history and culture of the surrounding areas reveals much about the history of Israel and often reinforces the biblical account. The third chapter describes what is known of the archaeological periods pertaining to the early biblical events from the Paleolithic to the Middle Bronze I periods. In particular, Kaiser discusses what some of the major finds and archaeological digs in the area of Palestine reveal about the Bible times. It seems that stoneware and tools, metal artifacts and pottery are often the most reliable indicators of the time period of the level of the site in which the artifacts are found. The type of metal alloys and technology for firing pottery are used as indicators of the technological level related to a specific time period. It is fascinating to see how Kaiser refers to actual archaeological finds, which corroborate with what we already know from the Biblical accounts and how they often add new understanding to the culture that biblical figures lived in. For example, the ziggurats that have been discovered in the area of Mesopotamia where Abram originated from, and the pyramids and other archaeological evidence from the Egypt of Joseph and Moses’ time, give us many clues about the polytheistic cultures that they lived in. The rest of the book guides the reader through a straight line of Israel’s history from the time of the patriarchs to the arrival of the Romans in Jerusalem around 63 B. C. The main source for Kaiser’s outline is, of course, the Bible, but he deals extensively with the other historical and archaeological evidence pertaining to each event and time period discussed. Kaiser meticulously discusses the various approaches to interpreting the data, which seem to cast doubt on or refute the biblical account and shows either new or alternative interpretations of the data that reinforce the biblical account. It becomes obvious, after reading Kaiser’s rebuttals of the skeptics over and over, how preconceptions and the fallacies discussed in the first chapter often determine beforehand how the data will be interpreted. However, there does seem to be less need for rebuttal of liberal historical interpretations in the later chapters before the Persian period. This is probably because there is more known about the events from extra-biblical sources. There are also fewer supernatural events that liberal historians feel a need to find natural explanations for. The first part of Kaiser’s historical outline covers the period of the patriarchs from Abraham to Joseph. Liberal scholars, such as, Julius Wellhausen who, â€Å"declared that ‘no historical knowledge’ of the patriarchs could be obtained from Genesis. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were a mere ‘glorified mirage’ projected back from later Hebrew history. ’ (51) Kaiser’s fresh look at the Middle Bronze IIA period of the patriarchs and his rebuttal of the claim to anachronisms demonstrate that the claim of liberal scholars that Genesis is a product of Jewish historical revisionism is groundless. For example, the assumption that Abraham fit the conception of a backwards bedouin would seem to make the reference to his use camels anachronistic for that time period because domesticated camels were thought to be rare if they were even domesticated by that point at all. However, Kaiser demonstrates that skeletal remains and illustrations of camels discovered at excavations from Abraham’s time period provide, â€Å"more than passing evidence that the camel already was domesticated by patriarchal times. (64) It is also clear simply by reading the biblical account of Abraham’s interaction as a peer with kings does not fit the backwards bedouin stereotype that some try to foist upon him. Part 2 of Kaiser’s book deals with the events surrounding Moses and the book of Exodus. As Kaiser notes, â€Å"several hundred years of relative silence separate the end of the story of Joseph in Genesis 37-50 from the beginning of the Book of Exodus where the story is picked u p once again. However, Kaiser shows how the records of Egypt’s history during that time help to fill in the blanks and to explain how the pharaoh of Moses’ day did not know about Joseph even though Joseph had been second only to Pharaoh himself. This seems best explained by the change of power and political instability caused by a people called the Hyksos. I found especially interesting how what is known of the line of pharaohs from the Eighteenth Dynasty reinforces the biblical account of the life of Moses and the Israelites during that time. Much hinges upon where one places the date of the exodus, but the early date fits both the biblical record and the archeological/historical record best. A big support for the early date is the fact that the chronology of the pharaohs, â€Å"identifies Thutmose III as the pharaoh who sought Moses’ life for what he had done in Egypt because he was the only ruler to live long enough to fit the pattern of the one who sought Moses’ life for the whole forty years that he lived in Arabia with Jethro of Midian. (90) The next part deals with the conquest and allotment of the land as described in the book of Joshua. Although part of the Torah, Kaiser discusses how the book of Deuteronomy is included in what is known as the deuteronomic collection along with the books from Joshua to kings. The description in Joshua 1-11 of how the Israelites conquered the land is often considered a collection of etiological stories of how Israel came to be in the land and is not given much credi bility. Kaiser discusses not only the archaeological support for the stories, but shows how the literary structure of the narrative itself, â€Å"is very similar to that of the Egyptian daybook tradition,† which described significant military campaigns of the pharaoh. Much of this section discusses how the archaeological finds from some of the cities (especially Jericho) mentioned in the conquests match the biblical description of the sieges. The fourth part of A History of Israel, covers the period of Judges and the Ruth account. To explain what kept the tribes of Israel unified it has been popular among some scholars to theorize that Israel was in a cultic league that practiced amphictyonic rites associated with other cultures, such as some Greek groups, which always involved twelve tribes grouped around a central sanctuary. Kaiser states that this theory should be abandoned for, â€Å"the two environments of the Greek and Israelite groups were so different that any similarities were most unlikely. † (176) It is clearly best to accept the biblical account of family ties and understand the twelve tribes of Israel as descendants of the sons of Jacob. Kaiser discusses the connection of the books of Joshua and Judges and how the mention of the death of Joshua forms a literary transition between the two. Kaiser deals with the cycle of apostasy and deliverance in judges and the invasion of people, such as, the Moabites. The section ends with a brief discussion of how Ruth the Moabitess came into the lineage of King David. The next two sections of the book cover the period of the monarchies from the time of Samuel before the inauguration of Sual up until the time before the Babylonian exile. The first of the two sections deals with the monarchies of Saul, David and Solomon. Kaiser’s treatment of the narratives is help the reader to see the transition between the various events of 12 Samuel and their historic significance, which might not be so readily apparent to the Bible reader without the background knowledge that Kaiser provides. For example, Kaiser emphasizes how continued oppression of the Philistines despite Samson’s victories against them was the, â€Å"straw that seems to have broken the camel’s back. (205) He also discusses the significance of relations between Egypt and Israel with the marriage of Solomon to the daughter of the pharaoh, Siamun, and the Egyptian victory over the Philistines depicted in the Tanis Relief from around that time. One of the more interesting parts to me was the discussion of David’s succession to the throne. Although critical scholars question the authenticity of the Succession Narrative, Kaiser discusse s how some of their objections are raised simply because such scholars try to exclude any divine intervention, â€Å"as a proper subject for historical reporting. (227) Even more significantly to me, Kaiser points out that, atypical of an etiological history, the narrative’s, â€Å"refusal to gloss over the king’s sins or weaknesses, the family disruptions, the bitterness, the revolt, and the ignonimous deeds in David’s life all promoted the idea that realistic life and events were being presented. † (228) I have always found the interaction of the Biblical accounts and prophecies, covered in sixth and seventh sections of Kaiser’s book, with the empires of Babylon, Assyria and other powers fascinating because they show how God is sovereign over the nations. At the same time how the accounts the books of Kings and Chronicles fit with the prophets chronologically has always been confusing for me, but Kaiser’s treatment of both the biblical accounts and the extra-biblical records helps bring a more cohesive understanding. Kaiser discusses how Solomon’s heavy taxes and forced periods of labor helped to bring on the division of the kingdom into the northern ten tribes of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah, but we also know from the biblical account that it was ultimately the result of David’s sin. Kaiser gives credit to Edwin R. Thiele for helping to untangle the chronology of the complex system of dates of the kings given in the books of Kings and Chronicles. Although Thiele’s work has still not received universal acceptance Kaiser notes that it, â€Å"has never been successfully refuted. † (293) Kaiser notes that the fighting during the first fifty years of the division gave way to fifty years of relative peace between the northern and southern kingdoms during the Omridian dynasty, which was represented by the strong rule of the Israelite kings Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah and Joram with Jehosaphat being the most remarkable Judean king. During this time the Assyrian empire was reemerging and Kaiser mentions some of the interactions that Israel had with this power as well as the emerging kingdom of Syria. Kaiser states that one of the, â€Å"great ‘benchmarks’ in Israelite and Judean history,† (339) was the establishment of the Jehu dynasty, which marked the end of the Omridian dynasty. The influence of the Assyrians is interesting to follow during this time, because we know from the scriptures that God used this empire to punish Israel’s disobedience to His covenant. King Jehu even seems to have borrowed some of the cruel ‘terror’ tactics of the Assyrians against his fellow Israelites in house of Ahab by having the severed heads of Ahab’s seventy sons piled for public display. Kaiser briefly deals with the prophets Amos, Hosea, Micah, Jonah and Isaiah, and an interesting new fact for me was that the Nineveh Jonah preached to was one major cities of Israel’s hated and cruel enemy – the Assyrians. In the midst of Israel’s apostasy and the judgment God brought on them through the Assyrians and the emerging Babylonians, inspiring accounts of the faithfulness of kings like Hezekiah, Josiah and the belated repentance of Manasseh (upon his return from Babylonian exile) to return the people to the worship of Yahweh and the repair of their central place of worship were all too late to avoid God’s judgment of the Babylonian exile. Kaiser discusses the archaeological evidence for the diminished role of the Judean kings as the Babylonian influence grew. Though Jeremiah predicted the seventy-year exile and warned the regent, Zedikiah, not to side with the Egyptians and revolt against the Babylonians, Zedekiah listened instead to the false prophets with their promises of peace. Jeremiah suffered for sticking to the message God had given him before Jerusalem fell as he had prophesied. It is interesting how Kaiser points out that the exiles in Babylon had it much better economically and socially than the remnant left in Judea: â€Å"Life in Babylon was so comfortable that most of the exiles were unwilling to return to Palestine when the opportunity arose. (414) Excavations of Babylon, including the famous hanging gardens, reveal some of the grandeur that existed at the height of Babylon’s influence under Nebuchadnezzar’s rule. Nebuchadnezzar left an unstable empire and it was under the rule of Belshazzar, â€Å"that the handwriting appeared on the wall and the doom of the Babylonian Empire was predicted by Daniel and im mediately enacted as the Medes and Persians entered the city†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (418) At the Edict of Cyrus (recorded by Ezra) not only the return of the exiles but also the rebuilding of the temple began under Zerubbabel. Kaiser gives some fascinating background information about the Persian Empire and court customs under rulers, such as, Cyrus, Darius and Xerxes. Although most critical scholars deny the historicity of Esther, Kaiser demonstrates that the book does not, â€Å"contradict anything that is known from all the sources from this period that are available to us. The objections are basically arguments from silence. † (434) After Malachi, the last writing prophet and contemporary of Nehemiah, the remainder of the book, of course, deals with historical sources outside of the Bible. I had only a vague knowledge of some of the events of the intertestamental period that concerned Israel so this section was fascinating for me. Some of this information comes from Josephus’s Antiquities. As the Persian Empire weakened from within as rulers poisoned one another, Hellenistic culture was becoming, â€Å"a rallying cry that would unite otherwise disparate peoples against the Persians,† (450) and the rise of Alexander the Great spelled the ultimate doom for Persia. Kaiser discusses what is known of various populations of dispersed Jews and their syncretistic religions, such as, the Elephantine Jews in Egypt and the ntermarried Samaritans, who came into being as a result of the population manipulations under Assyria. The development of the synagogue is also discussed as a result of the dispersion. Kaiser also discusses the influence of Greek culture and language on the Jews as exemplified in the Septuagint, a translation of the Hebrew Old Testament into the G reek vernacular. Kaiser gives a summary of the Maccabean Insurrection as recorded in Maccabees and the Antiquities of Josephus. Kaiser’s discussion of the Hasmonean kingdom includes the Hasidim group, â€Å"the pious,† who opposed Hellenistic influence and would eventually become the party of the Pharisees. The book ends with the arrival of Roman rule in Jerusalem in 63 B. C. Critique Kaiser’s discussion of similarities between the forms of the Deuteronomic Covenant and the Hittite suzerain-vassal treaty brings to light the interesting concept that God used and still uses the forms of contemporary culture to communicate His message to people living within that culture. This is an important concept to those, such as missionaries, who feel God’s call to be messengers of the Gospel cross-culturally. Kaiser asserts that, â€Å"had the covenant form been drafted in any other time than the early second millennium, it would have taken a drastically different sort of arrangement of the possible component parts, such as the title, witnesses, stipulations, curses, blessings, deposit provisions, and prologue. (64) It is so easy to think that everything about the way one worships and applies theology to one’s life is Biblical, and the temptation is to teach forms from a Western Protestant tradition when seeking to plant churches among people of another culture. Forms, such as, stained-glass buildings, pews, hymns will probably hold little meaning to another culture. There are aspects of every culture that are evil and aspects that are redeemable. The Gospel transcends all cultures so those in cross-cultural ministry should seek to follow the model of scripture by communicating the Gospel in a meaningful form for each culture without changing the message itself. Kaiser’s History of Israel demonstrates how the story of the nation of Israel is the story of God remaining faithful to His covenant promises in spite of the unfaithfulness of the people. The story of Israel demonstrates the need for believers to remain an identity of consecration to Holy God in the midst of an ungodly world. Kaiser shows over and over how the influence of the pagan religions of the surrounding nations drew Israel away from God. A central theme throughout the book is Kaiser’s emphasis on the trustworthiness of Scripture. The believer’s faith is without foundation if the central events of the Bible did not actually occur, but Kaiser shows how critical scholars try to say that the stories of the Bible do not hold historic validity because they are meant to teach theology and not real historic events: â€Å"Why should we force the biblical evidence to purge itself of its so-called ‘theocratic point of view’ in order to qualify as ‘history’? (143) I believe that Kaiser effectively shows the double standard of these same scholars who are willing to use the religious-based documents of any other nation outside the Judeo-Christian sphere. It is interesting to note how Kaiser’s description of Assyria’s tactics of influence and control over conquered nations was similar to how Josef Stalin later used similar tactics of controlling people groups by having them deported to distant lands and replaced with other peoples. To control populations like the Chechens and Jews, and to prevent their ability to revolt Stalin had people groups deported en-masse to far-away countries like Kazakhstan. Parallels to Assyria’s practice of national extermination also preceded the tactics of men like Adolf Hitler against the Jews of Europe. A background in archaeology and ancient history would help one to appreciate the book fuller. As far as that goes, the book would make an excellent gift for an archaeology or history student looking for an alternative to the liberal and anti-supernatural interpretations of historical evidence. For a pastor, the book makes an excellent handbook to provide a better insight into the biblical culture and contemporary events that is useful for developing a more accurate picture in sermons of what kind of world the events were taking place. The Bible is timeless because it is God’s Word speaking relevantly to all cultures in all times, but I think the tendency of some preachers to attempt to portray biblical characters and events as odern-day as possible robs the accounts of the times that they are grounded in, and insults the listeners’ ability to relate to the biblical accounts as real events in a different time period and culture than their own. The more the preacher is able to tell them about the time and culture the more full and accurate the story becomes for the listeners. Similarly, any reader who is familiar with the old English is able to understand and appreciate the works of Shakespeare, and the more the reader understands of Elizabethan England the mor e he is able to relate to the characters as believable. However, the same characters dressed in modern clothes and using modern technology would seem ridiculous speaking of bare bodkins. Kaiser states, â€Å"My hope is that this work may stimulate the interest of many others to press on in our research of the historical understandings of the people of this land and book. † (xiii) I also would like to see Kaiser’s book encourage those in the fields of archaeology and ancient history to see the historical merit of the Bible and to be bold about using it as a source until the outside evidence refutes their interpretation of the Bible. I am confident that there will be no final conflict with the Word of God and the historical record, and that believers among archaeologists have the distinct advantage of an infallible Source to guide them in their research. The Bible is not a history textbook or an archaeologist’s field manual, but the stories are real events set in real places. As this book hopefully stimulates such research I would also like to see a more â€Å"user-friendly† approach for the layperson. One of my main criticisms of the book is that it is slow reading, in my opinion, for the person not familiar with the terms and designations of historical research. It is not impossible to follow the narrative, but Kaiser’s dry style makes what should be fascinating history too text-bookish. That is as it should be for a certain audience, and making the information more readable and accessible would probably necessitate a few volumes, but I think it would be an invaluable resource for any serious student of the Bible – preacher, missionary and layman alike. This kind of information is too valuable to the believer’s faith to remain inaccessible.