Statistical Applications in Criminal Justice Course Project Essay

Statistical Applications in Criminal Justice Course Project - Essay Example On the other hand, the standard deviations shows that the scoring on robbery is more dispersed than rape/sexual assault (Howell, 2008). In order to test the relationship between rape and violence, linear regression analysis will be used. This test will be used to establish if there exists any statistical relationship between the two variables, and if it exists, the strength of the model (Lee, 2006). This test is chosen because it is suitable in testing linear relationship between two or more variables. Regression models are also suitable in predicting the value of the dependent valuable using the predictor valuable; therefore, the scoring of robbery can be established in different scoring of rape. The results of the tests are as shown in the spss output below: Based on the results above, it is evident that there is a strong and positive relationship between rape and robbery. The R squired of 0.89 shows that the model rape/sexual assault is a very good predictor of robbery. In other words, the regression model is very good. The p-value is less than 0.05, which means that there is enough evidence to allege that rape/sexual is a predictor of robbery. Since the coefficients are positive, we conclude that the two variables have a positive relationship, which also means that an increase in rape/sex would lead to an increase in robbery (Heiman, 2010). The results from this analysis show that the rate at which rape happens has some implication on the rate at which robbery happens. Therefore, the incidence of rape can be used to predict the incidence of robbery at any given

Beethoven Sonata No 27 Essay Example for Free

Beethoven Sonata No 27 Essay This piece is highly unusual for Beethoven Sonatas. One, although it was written at the start of his late period, this sonata had only two movements, the first being extremely short. Secondly, this was the first that Beethoven started writing his tempo markings in German, as though implying that this Sonata was more personal. Beethoven has also remarked on this piece that he considered titling it either â€Å"Struggle Between Head and Heart or Conversation with the Beloved. This sonata was dedicated to Count Moritz von Lichnowsky and so describes the love affair he was having at the time. Beethoven literally gave the Count this sonata with the words, â€Å"This Sonata describes your love life.† The first movement of the sonata has an extremely short development, and a surprising coda. The second movement is much longer, much like a Schubert sonata and has another surprising ending of a small epilogue. In fact, Schubert’s first sonata (unfinished) 2nd movement, shows a distinct likeliness to this piece’s 2nd movement. It would almost seem like Schubert’s first sonata was a tribute to Beethoven. Written in 1814, there is a 5 year gap from his last sonata. He gives exact instructions for his tempo markings because, as he said, â€Å"I am deaf, and I can no longer play the piano. Therefore, I must give exact instructions to the performer.† In fact, he became so particular, that he started notating exactly where his dynamic changes are, leaving almost no room for the performer for adjustments. Listening to a lecture recital by Andrea Schiff, he has remarked that Sonata no. 27 is one of the most mysterious of the 32 sonatas. This sonata was written deliberately not to ‘please’ his audience. He wrote it to promote discussion among music lovers and pianists. This sonata wasn’t even written to be performed on stage. Both movements of this piece end quietly, written subito piano and no retardando could be seen. The piece ends quietly and the audience is barely aware the piece has even ended. This sonata is not meant to make an impression. Andrea Schiff has even gone so far to say that, â€Å"Ideally, we wouldn’t even have an applause at the end of this piece, there is nothing to applaud!† Furthermore, the sonata after, No. 28 (in A Major), sounds like a continuation of the 2nd movement. I will be doing a structural analysis of the Sonata, however, I will also be adding some commentary on some aspects I find more interesting. Starting from the beginning of the first movement, we have the exposition and the first theme. Already here in the first eight bars we can see the conflict â€Å"between the head and heart†, like this movement is so aptly nicknamed. In m. 8-16, we see some use of syncopation, indicating that the movement should be counted in one and not three in the  ¾ time signature. In the first 24 measures, ending with the fermata on a rest, we see clearly the backbone of the whole sonata. In the next section starting with an open b octave, we see the composer has marked in tempo and pp. Beethoven really marks everything for the performer, leaving little to question on how exactly he wants it performed. In m. 55, where we have a very awkward left hand broken chords, I would like to point out that the base line for these seemingly randomly spaced chords is actually the inversion of the original theme at the beginning of the piece. The second movement starts at m. 82 on a single b. At m. 109, we have a sudden reminiscence of polyphonic texture much like what Bach would have written. Starting in m. 113, just when the counterpoint ends, we see that the theme has migrated to the tenor line in the left hand, leaving the right hand free to ‘improvise’ over. We modulate at m. 130 and in m. 136 there is an echo of the first theme. Just when we think that it sounds somehow familiar, the recapitulation suddenly appears at m.144. There is a little coda at m. 231 and the first movement ends quietly with no retardando marked. It is assumed that the performer moves immediately to the 2nd movement. The opening theme in the rondo is something that the performer becomes familiar with very quickly, because it is repeated in the entire movement no less than sixteen times. In contrast to the fighting between the head and heart in the first movement, this movement is nicknamed, â€Å"Conversation with the Beloved†. This theme is so unlike Beethoven that it has almost a Schubert-like quality to it. I would also like to note that the opening theme of the second movement is an inversion of the first theme in the first movement. The epilogue at m. 286 quietly ends the piece, just slipping away. No one notices that it has ended until the surprising silence occupies the space. There is no retardando written and the dynamic marking is pp. I would also like to do a Golden Mean analysis with the first movement, the second movement, and the entire work. Movement one: 145m x .618 = 89.61 Movement two: 290m x .618 = 179.22 Whole work: 535m x..618 = 330.63 or 185.63 in the 2nd movement In movement one, the midpoint falls a few measures after the development, where the theme is being repeated in the surprising key of a minor. This is right before we crescendo up to a climax at m. 92. In movement two, the midpoint falls onto another a minor chord. This measure is right before we transition to another choral in the key of B Major. The midpoint of the entire piece falls on an unassuming measure in the middle of the first theme of the second movement. As for the most important parts of the entire work, I would point out the interesting inversions scattered across the board. First would be the awkward broken chords at m. 55 in the first movement that I have mentioned before. And then again right before the recapitulation when the theme is echoed over the keys. Then again at the little coda at m. 231. As for the second movement, the whole theme is the inverted first theme of the first movement.

How To Surf The Internet :: essays research papers

How to Surf the Internet The term "Internet," or "The Net" as it is commonly in known in the computer business, is best described as an assortment of over one thousand computer networks with each using a common set of technical transfers to create a worldwide communications medium. The Internet is changing, most profoundly, the way people conduct research and will in the near future be the chief source of mass information. No longer will a student have to rely on the local library to finish a research essay - anybody with a computer, a modem, and an Internet Service Provider can find a wealth of information on the Net. Anybody with a disease or illness and who has access to the Internet can obtain the vital information they are in need of. And, most importantly, businesses are flourishing at this present day because of the great potential the Internet holds. First of all, for a person to even consider doing research on the Internet privately they must own a computer. A computer that is fast, reliable, and one that has a great deal of memory is greatly beneficial. A person also needs a modem (a device that transmits data from a network on the Internet to the user's computer). A modem's quality and speed are measured as something called a baud rate (how fast the modem transmits data in bits and kilobits - similar to grams and kilograms). A kilobit is a term simply used to describe the speed of a modem. For example, if somebody was to go out and purchase a 2400 baud modem, they would be buying a modem that transmits data 2400 kilobits per second which is definitely not the speed of a modem you want if your thinking of getting onto the Internet. The speeds of modems then double in the amount of kilobits that can be transmitted per second going from 4800 baud to 9600 baud and so on eventually getting up to 28800 baud (which is the fastest modem on the market right now). To surf the Internet successfully, a person will have to own a 9600 baud or higher, and with recent advancements the Internet has offered, the recommended speed is a 14400 kilobytes per second modem. A modem ranges in price, depending on the type of modem you want, the speed you need, and if it is an external or internal type, modems range from as low as $20 to as high as $300. If a person is unequipped with a computer most local libraries and nonprofit organizations provide Internet access where research can be done freely.

Affirmative action Essays -- essays research papers

Affirmative action is a term used to describe rules and regulations that were established to protect minorities and women from being discriminated against (Simmons 1982). Affirmative action has changed the way people were treated since it was first brought into order in 1961 by president John F. Kennedy through executive order 10925(Alexander 1999). It helped established more opportunities for minorities and women in education, employment and housing (Dietz 2001). Nevertheless, affirmative action has caused much controversy in our society and whether it has benefited America (Altschiller 1991). As a result, there are those who believe minorities have benefited, yet the dominant group has suffered. Before the passing of executive order 10925, minorities and women were treated unfairly. Before president Kennedy brought the executive order into action, minorities suffered a great deal of discrimination. In the past, minorities were abolished from specific areas. For instance they were not allowed to use the same bathrooms as whites (Alexander 1999). The minorities were spatially segregated from the rest of society meaning outsides did not accept them; they weren’t allowed to obtain certain jobs, live in close proximity to the dominant group or receive the same educational opportunity (Parrillo 2003). After Kennedy, president Lyndon Johnson established several laws that helped establish better opportunities for minorities such as his â€Å" Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1965 and then the office of Federal Compliance in 1967†(Alexander 1999). In addition, he was simultaneously establishing the Fair Housing Act as well as the Economic Opportunity Act. The Civil Rights Movement was one of the major contributors to the establishment of the parity laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it possible that the federal level could enforce the law on those who violated it, which helped give minorities the protection they needed from the Dominant group. After the implementation of affirmative action and the laws that followed, â€Å"the proportion of blacks in white-collar jobs grew from 10% to 24% and the ratio of black median family income to white rose from 55% to 62%†(Alexander 1999). As one can clearly see, there were major improvements for minorities. They were given more opportunities to contribute to society without facing discrimination from businesses, educa... ... affirmative action. Furthermore, how much someone earns is usually based on their ethnic background and their gender. Affirmative action has caused controversy and will continue to cause it for years to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works citied Alexander, A. & Jacobson K. (1999). Affirmative Action. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research: A Critical Reconnaissance, 23(3) 9p Altschiller d. (1991). The reference shelf: Affirmative Action. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company Dietz, T. (2001). Sociological Spectrum. The unrelenting significance of minority statuses: gender, ethnicity, and economic attainment since affirmative action. 21(1) 20p Friedl, J. (1999). Change. Documentation of how affirmative action benefits all students, 31(4) 6p Gross B. (1977). Reverse Discrimination. New York: Prometheus Books. Parrillo, V. (2003). Strangers to these shores.Boston: The Book Company Simmons, R. (1982). Affirmative Action: Conflict and Change in Higher Education after Bakke. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Thomas, W. Review of Black Political Economy. Mitigating Barriers to Black Employment through Affirmative Action Regulations: a case study. 27(3) 22p

Explain the Underlying and Immediate Causes of the Jewish War Essay

There were many underlying and immediate causes of the Jewish war. The continued Roman oppression and continued disrespect of the Jewish faith and culture by many Roman key figures of authority such as Pilate, Patronius and Cumanus was an underlying cause of the war. This was joined by the Roman inability to control insurgent groups throughout Palestine, because of the relatively small number of Roman troops controlling Palestine. It was also the belief of the insurgent groups that a similar outcome to the Maccabean revolt could be achieved again, through a war against the Romans, creating an independent Jewish kingdom and further anti-Roman feeling. The actions of Eleazor, the son of the Jewish high priest and his followers had an immediate effect on the outbreak of war by refusing to let the Jews pay taxes and offerings to the Roman empire, and slaughtering the Roman troops at the Roman garrison. The corrupt and cruel governance of Roman governor Florus and his actions towards the Jews was also an immediate cause of the outbreak of the Jewish war. To begin with, Roman oppression and continued disrespect of the Jewish faith and culture was an underlying cause of the Jewish war. During the governorship of Pontius Pilate, Pilate installed military standards on a Roman fort next to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, which offended the Jews. Jewish law disallows the worship of false deities, and the military standards erected over the fort were seen as going against this law. A similar situation was created when Emperor Caligula ordered statues of himself to be in erected in each Roman province, which occurred under the governorship of Petronius. Another incident that took place during the governorship of Cumanus also caused great disrespect the Jewish religion. During the Passover, the pivotal religious moment in the Jewish calendar, Jews became offended by a Roman soldier who was sighted mooning the crowd of worshippers from a high. These continued disrespectful actions towards the Jews created anti-Roman feeling and were an underlying cause of the Jewish war. Furthermore, the inability of the Roman troops to control Jewish insurgent groups within Palestine was also an underlying factor of the Jewish war. Following the completion of the Jewish temple in Jerusalem, a very high number of Jewish workers become unemployed and idle. These men then became interested in the in the current political events and began to rebel in small groups to support their religion and culture. With Palestine being a relatively small Roman province, a lesser than usual number of troops was assigned and meant that these insurgent groups could not be immediately contained and controlled. These insurgent groups continued to grow, which was ultimately an underlying cause of the outbreak of the Jewish war. Additionally, the insurgent’s belief that the same outcome of the Maccabean revolt centuries ago could be achieved through a war against the Roman authority was also another underlying factor of the Jewish war. Through the growing numbers of the insurgent groups, the support for a war against the Romans began to increase and more and more Jews began to desire the freedom from Roman control. This would lead to an independent Jewish Kingdom similar to the one following the Maccabean revolt. This was considered extremely desirable for the Jews, and the desire for this was hence an underlying cause of the Jewish war. From the writings of Jewish historian Josephus, the actions of Eleazor, son of the high priest and his followers were an immediate cause in triggering the Jewish war. Playing a key role in initiating the hostilities between the Romans and Jews within Jerusalem, Eleazor refused to allow Jews to pay their taxes to Rome and their prayers or offerings to the wellbeing of the Roman state. Through the eyes of Rome, this is interpreted as an act of war against the Emperor as these were compulsory for all Roman provinces. During the following battle between the insurgents and the Roman troops in Jerusalem, Eleazor and his forces pinned down the last of the Roman troops from the Roman garrison into defensive towers, and slaughtered the remaining men once their weapons had been laid down. These actions of Eleazor had an immediate effect on the Jewish people who either joined him, or wanted to avert a full scale war and hence was an immediate cause of the Jewish war. Also, the governorship of the Roman governor Florus, and his cruel and corrupt actions to the Jews were also an immediate cause of the Jewish war. The writings of Josephus indicate that many cruel actions were made against the Jews that would have angered them and caused them to protest against him. One particular example was a dispute between the Jews and the Gentiles over a piece of land, where Florus was the judge over which group would gain possession. After accepting a bribe from the Jews and promising them the land, Florus gave the land to the Gentiles claiming that Caesar needed it. Outraged Jews protested outside the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, where Florus ordered the Romans to attack them, slaughtering nearly four thousand men women and children. This act sparked further anger in the Jews and hence was an immediate cause of the Jewish war. To conclude, there were many underlying and immediate causes of the Jewish war. The continued disrespectful actions by the Romans to the Jews and their culture were an underlying cause of the war. The rise of insurgent groups following the mass unemployment caused by the completion of the Jewish temple was not controlled by the smaller Roman garrison in Jerusalem, which led to a rise in anti-roman feeling. This was added to by the belief that the outcome of the Maccabean revolt could once again by achieved, and the possibility of a free Jewish state, which were underlying causes of the war. The actions of Eleazor and his followers and the cruel governorship of Florus and his actions towards the Jews had immediate effects on triggering the Jewish war and were therefore immediate causes of the Jewish war.

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder †Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Example

Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) Essay Autism, Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all kinds of mind disorders. Mind disorders are illnesses in which the normal function of the mind is hindered by some reason, depending on the illness. They disrupt daily activities and may at some point turn a person into a dysfunctional individual. Although these illnesses all occur in the brain, all possess characteristics that distinguish one from the other. Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS are all mental disorders which have symptoms that identify each accordingly. Autism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Autism is a disorder which affects all the mental developments. Unlike Asperger Syndrome and PDD-NOS, autism’s symptoms and characteristics that a patient exemplifies may vary depending on the age. Due to this characteristic as well, the only means to recognize autism immediately is by comparing a patient’s action and comprehension to the typical ways of thinking of a person of the same age as the patient. When a person’s brain functions do not tally with the typical brain functions and development of people in the same age bracket, autism disorder may be diagnosed (Frith, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People with autistic disorder may be distinguished from those with Asperger Syndrome as the latter does not have significant delay in language development. An autistic person also has a hard time comprehending the actions and words of other people interacting with them. Autism also has symptoms similar to PDD-NOS (First, Frances, Pincus, 2002). Asperger Syndrome Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compared to autism, Asperger syndrome is considered as milder. It also hinders normal brain functions, but unlike autism, Asperger does not cause as much dysfunctionality as autism. As stated earlier, it does not significantly delay the language development of a person. However, people with Asperger also have difficulty in speaking. Mostly, inflection and repetition occurs. Another one of its characteristics is that most patients of the disorder isolate themselves from society and they are more eccentric than usual. In other countries, Asperger is considered as another name for PDD-NOS (First et al., 2002). PDD-NOS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   PDD-NOS or Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified is a condition in which some characteristics of autism is exhibited. In the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (2002), a person is diagnosed with PDD-NOS only if the full symptoms or features of autism are not met. This suggests that, like Asperger, PDD-NOS is similar to autism. It is also a developmental disorder. It has no direct and distinguishing feature. The patients suffering from this disorder also have a hard time socializing with others. Communication is also difficult for them. They are also hypersensitive. However, like Asperger, PDD-NOS may be regarded as a milder form of autism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the given characteristics for each illness, it may be found that the three given disorders are quite similar. They only vary from each other in terms of the severity of the non-development of the brain and the dysfunctionality each disorder causes to the person suffering from it. Autism may be considered as the worst among the three. It causes severely impaired social interaction and speech disorder. Unlike Asperger and PDD-NOS, autism greatly delays the brain development. On the other hand, Asperger syndrome does not cause a significant delay in language development. However, socialization is still impaired. This is almost similar to PDD-NOS. It also causes social impairment, but compared to autistic disorder, the impairment is only mild; there still remains hope for better communication and socialization. In addition, PDD-NOS is not commonly diagnosed unless the patient exhibits symptoms that do not qualify as symptoms of autism. Table 1 – Similarities and Differences in the Symptoms of Autism, Asperger Syndrome, and PDD-NOS Autism and Asperger Syndrome Autism and PDD-NOS Asperger Syndrome   and PDD-NOS Symptom Similarities social interaction impairment speech impairment underdeveloped communication skills Brain underdevelopment speech impairment social interaction impairment Milder speech impairment milder impairment of social skills milder communication skills impairment Symptom Differences Autistic patients exhibit worse underdevelopment charcateristics inability to interact is worse speech defects are more pronounced asperger patients have milder communication defects PDD-NOS exhibit speech defect that are milder and brain underdevelopemnt signs are not as pronounced autistic patients have slower comprehension skills Asperger patients tend to repeat and stutter speech defect is more pronounced but not as much as it is with autism PDD-NOS exhibits underdevelopment signs in a milder way References First, M., Frances, A., Pincus, H.A. (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Virginia: American Psychiatric Publishing Frith, U. (2003). Autism. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell

My Building-Block Approach to Writing a Novel

My Building-Block Approach to Writing a Novel My Building-Block Approach to Writing a Novel Dan Burns is the author of A Fine Line and Recalled to Life. He is also an award-winning writer for the screen and stage. In this article, Dan talks about overcoming the â€Å"where do I start?† question that plagues many writers at the onset of their career. His advice for overcoming that doubt? Start small, and see where your story takes you. Stop asking, â€Å"Where do I start?† and just startMany people talk about being a writer but have difficulty actually getting started. Writing is hard, and often the ideas are there but the approach is elusive. Where do I start?  I get that: it’s scary to put yourself out there and not see your ideas pan out the way you want them to. That’s why I recommend starting small and building on an idea over time. This approach helps me maintain my status as a working writer and overcome roadblocks. If putting your ideas out there scares you, start small and build your story slowly. As for Sebastian Drake, he continues to bug me to write as his story still has so much room for growth. I can only imagine where he’ll take me next.A Fine Line  is available in hard cover  and on  Amazon Kindle.For more information, visit Dan Burns' website.Please  share your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Dan Burns, in the comments below!

History of the Anemometer Wind Vane

History of the Anemometer Wind Vane Wind velocity or speed is measured by a cup anemometer, an instrument with three or four small hollow metal hemispheres set so that they catch the wind and revolve about a vertical rod. An electrical device records the revolutions of the cups and calculates the wind velocity. The word anemometer comes from the Greek word for wind, anemos. Mechanical Anemometer In 1450, the Italian art architect Leon Battista Alberti invented the first mechanical anemometer. This instrument consisted of a disk placed perpendicular to the wind. It would rotate by the force of the wind, and by the angle of inclination of the disk the wind force momentary showed itself. The same type of anemometer was later re-invented by Englishman Robert Hooke who is often mistakenly considered the inventor of the first anemometer. The Mayans were also building wind towers (anemometers) at the same time as Hooke. Another reference credits Wolfius as re-inventing the anemometer in 1709. Hemispherical Cup Anemometer The hemispherical cup anemometer (still used today) was invented in 1846 by Irish researcher, John Thomas Romney Robinson and consisted of four hemispherical cups. The cups rotated horizontally with the wind and a combination of wheels recorded the number of revolutions in a given time. Want to build your own hemispherical cup anemometer Sonic Anemometer A sonic anemometer determines instantaneous wind speed and direction (turbulence) by measuring how ​much sound waves traveling between a pair of transducers are sped up or slowed down by the effect of the wind. The sonic anemometer was invented by geologist Dr. Andreas Pflitsch in 1994.

Power, poliics and knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Power, poliics and knowledge - Essay Example Power is very important to the managers or leaders of any organization since it is essential in the directing of its staff. However, the process of acquiring power and using it usually ruins the ethics and values held in the organization (Kelly, 1988 p.3). Discussion Power defines leadership in any company and by definition; leadership refers to the ability of directing a group of employees towards achieving the goals of an organization. Therefore, leadership has formed the basis of classifying managers into five groups or profiles, namely: leader, destructive achiever, builder, mechanic, and innovator (Kelly, 1988 p. 4). The leader refers to the ethical manager who effectively uses his charisma to lead other employees towards achieving organization goals. The builder on the other hand refers to the manager who might be ethical but lacks charisma. Therefore, they are referred to as leaders with limited leadership potential. The destructive achiever is an unethical manager who, even t hough might have high potential, he or she will not contribute towards the achievement of the long term goals of the organization. The innovator is a very creative manager in his or her field but is not termed as a leader and is sometimes termed untrustworthy. Lastly, the mechanics refers to the persons that are competent in their profession but lack the personal impact towards settling of group issues. Therefore, they are not considered leaders or builders of the organization. From the managers listed above, it is evident that for any organization to be prosperous, it requires leaders who are ethical and have charisma which are essential in the realization of the long-term goals of the organization. Ethics is demanded by the society in any given part of the world. Therefore, it has led to the classification of ethics into two groups: ethics of integrity and ethics of social responsibility. The demand for integrity in the business came into existence following the arrival of new mil lennium, which led to the increased number of accounting scandals that occurred in different parts of the world. The results were negative for example; many organizations lost their trust in the corporate world. The demand for social responsibility maintains safety to the society as well as the environment it operates (Jeurissen 2007, p. 3). According to ethics, the exercise of power must conform to the cultural standards as well as the legal standards of ethics. For instance, it has been termed unethical for any organization to use power for its own gain by engaging in illegal activities. For example, an HR assistant has the power of representing the services of the company to client companies as a process of obtaining customers. However, if he or she lies to the clients as a way of gaining more clients is an unethical behavior (Society for Human Resource Management, 2006 p.180). Many workers or employees of an organization have been in dilemma following the use of power by the sen iors. Many employees have experienced tough challenges in choosing between what is good for the organization in terms of profitability and what is right according to the set ethical standards in the community. The findings of the research conducted among the graduates at Harvard revealed that young managers were being forced to make decisions, some of which were unethical by their seniors. Even though the actions were unethical, the young managers still complied because of fear of losing their jobs.

Cultural feasibility Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cultural feasibility - Assignment Example Thus, a candid approach and inclusion of an IT tutorial on the system will be advisable to help the illiterate feel better using the system. Access to the Internet and the dental website will need the use of internet enabled devices and the use of the internet. The above mentioned are expensive and thus the social, economic factors of the people should be considered when developing the website. There may be cases where the access to the Internet in some places is restricted and thus the people seeking the dental bookings will suffer. It’s also possible to have internet firewalls and proxy servers that specifically target dental websites. The general feeling of people using the system might get the thought of the lack of trust in the system as psychologically they are used to the face to face doctor appointments and reservations. Others may feel that their privacy is being watched by a third party that they do not wish to disclose their information to. It is possible that the culture subjugates women and thus may deny them access to the internet and thus the service to the dental clinics. As an aspect of the ethical security, the information of the clients and of the doctors can be comprised by hackers or viruses and faults in the operations of the IT system running the Website. Lastly, there is a general misplaced dislike and perception about the internet based services that may be present in any culture. A possible solution must be in place to teach and change socially held beliefs about the use of technology.

Business Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business Project - Essay Example For this the Generations Clothing aimed to produce good quality products. In addition to the quality of the product they give importance to the simplicity and smart looking to the product. From the market surveys conducted by the business as a part of their business planning it is found that a major part of the customers are always like these types of products. From the market research, it is found that Sydney is a best market for the casual clothing. There are various market advantages that are available in Sydney market such as lower government regulations, low rate of taxes etc. By establishing stores in Sydney the Generations Clothing can The ultimate goal of the company is to create a brand image of high quality product of low price. A brand image of high quality at low price is always helpful to capture the market in the competitive market. The products should also be imaged as simply designed product. This type of brand image is helpful to attract the customers. By adopting strict cost control techniques in all levels of production and marketing process the company aimed to produce quality products at low cost. 5. Once mature create a unique sub brand to prevent risks: the mature and declining products must be replaced by new ones. In the present market environment most of the branded products are facing decline in growth rate and profit rate after they attain the maturity stage. The reason behind this phenomenon is the lack of further improvement in product quality and design. The Generations Clothing Company forecast this crucial risk and to overcome this risk they take care and prepare to present a unique sub-brand at the maturing stage of the existing product. This will be helpful for avoiding the risks related to the existing branded product. The proposed sub brand must be unique and entirely different from existing product of the company. The logo of this product should be

Learning log and application activities Assignment

Learning log and application activities - Assignment Example Therefore, as other children spoke with their parents it was as if they were back biting me since I was not able to understand what they were talking about. When I went to school, I realized that both teachers and students spoke different languages but the official language of communication in school was English. In most cases teachers could make a lot of corrections on students for instance if we pronounced â€Å"angry† instead of â€Å"hungry†. Personal Plan for Language Development Year Objective Activity Resources Jan –May 2013 To obtain language proficiency in English Attending English classes in order to be proficient in the language. Practicing speaking English all the time as well as encouraging those whom you are talking with to speak so as to perfect the art of speaking. It can also be done by reading novelty story books which are rich in English content. Listening to English programs also helps in improving the proficiency of the language. Tuition and exam fees required to facilitate class attendance. Allocating time to practicing on how to speak English. Money to purchase story books and other learning materials. June- August 2013 To gain experience on English language Attending attachment to English speaking organizations. Lecturing in learning institutions that teach English. Attending organized workshops and seminars that encourage English speaking. Participating in public speaking competitions. Writing of poems, songs and plays in English language. Money to facilitate transportation to various institutions. Letters to various institutions for permission to lecture. Literature books to enhance knowledge of public speaking and language development. September- December 2013 To wind up English course. To perfect the art of speaking English language Self evaluation on the extent of how English language has been mastered and practiced by doing various examinations. Getting recommendations from various stakeholders. Revising on the things learned both in and out of class Time taken to evaluate oneself. Money used travel to various institutions in searching for recommendations. Part B Formal letter Managing Director, Logistaid Company, P.o Box 2535-0009, Slovakia. 15 December, 2012. The Human Resource Manager, English Learning Resource Centre, P.o Box 27787-00065, Logos. Dear sir/Madam, Re: Appreciation I would like to thank you for attending our gala dinner, that was organized in aid of raising money, to enhance our educational programs and we appreciate your contribution for the same. We were able to raise $ 100, 000 which we saw as a success. Our organization is also pleased to inform you that you have been chosen to promote the new Logistaid program, which is aimed at promoting education especially to foreign students. In line with this, we have organized for workshops and seminars to enhance our scheduled activities which will be due in two weeks time. You are therefore invited for the preparation which w ill take place on 20th December 2012 at offices from 2.00 p.m. Your presence and participation is highly appreciated. Thanks in advance. Yours faithfully, Press officer For Managing Director UNIT 2 PART A Training Plan Training requirements To gather the right skills and competencies Training schedule To train after every three months to refresh the knowledge Training materials It includes seminars, workbooks, presentations, user manuals, use of computer

Find a clear thesis topic related to the Effects of Child Labor Essay

Find a clear thesis topic related to the Effects of Child Labor - Essay Example It has been a long road trying to deal with these issues, but law makers have managed to come up with the needed laws to deal with people who include children in employment (Chapter 2, 2000). Child labor regulations in the U.S. take in numerous rules and statutes regulating the employment of children below the age of 18. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, child labor regulations concern those below the age of 12 in an array of jobs (Chapter 2, 2000). The core law regulating child labor body in the U.S. is the Fair Labor Standards Act. For non-agricultural jobs, for instance, children below the age of 12 may not be employed, children from 12 to 16 might be employed in permitted occupations during partial hours, and children from 16 to 18 might be employed for unrestricted hours in harmless jobs. Numerous exceptions to these regulations are present like employment by parents, child actors and newspaper delivery (Chapter 2, 2000). Also, child labor has led to the establishment of movements against child labor or groups that advocate for proper conditions for children incorporated in the vocation field (Chapter 2, 2000). This is a matter that if let out of control ca n have stern consequences and; hence, regulatory bodies should ensure that the rules are followed

Learning log and application activities Assignment

Learning log and application activities - Assignment Example Therefore, as other children spoke with their parents it was as if they were back biting me since I was not able to understand what they were talking about. When I went to school, I realized that both teachers and students spoke different languages but the official language of communication in school was English. In most cases teachers could make a lot of corrections on students for instance if we pronounced â€Å"angry† instead of â€Å"hungry†. Personal Plan for Language Development Year Objective Activity Resources Jan –May 2013 To obtain language proficiency in English Attending English classes in order to be proficient in the language. Practicing speaking English all the time as well as encouraging those whom you are talking with to speak so as to perfect the art of speaking. It can also be done by reading novelty story books which are rich in English content. Listening to English programs also helps in improving the proficiency of the language. Tuition and exam fees required to facilitate class attendance. Allocating time to practicing on how to speak English. Money to purchase story books and other learning materials. June- August 2013 To gain experience on English language Attending attachment to English speaking organizations. Lecturing in learning institutions that teach English. Attending organized workshops and seminars that encourage English speaking. Participating in public speaking competitions. Writing of poems, songs and plays in English language. Money to facilitate transportation to various institutions. Letters to various institutions for permission to lecture. Literature books to enhance knowledge of public speaking and language development. September- December 2013 To wind up English course. To perfect the art of speaking English language Self evaluation on the extent of how English language has been mastered and practiced by doing various examinations. Getting recommendations from various stakeholders. Revising on the things learned both in and out of class Time taken to evaluate oneself. Money used travel to various institutions in searching for recommendations. Part B Formal letter Managing Director, Logistaid Company, P.o Box 2535-0009, Slovakia. 15 December, 2012. The Human Resource Manager, English Learning Resource Centre, P.o Box 27787-00065, Logos. Dear sir/Madam, Re: Appreciation I would like to thank you for attending our gala dinner, that was organized in aid of raising money, to enhance our educational programs and we appreciate your contribution for the same. We were able to raise $ 100, 000 which we saw as a success. Our organization is also pleased to inform you that you have been chosen to promote the new Logistaid program, which is aimed at promoting education especially to foreign students. In line with this, we have organized for workshops and seminars to enhance our scheduled activities which will be due in two weeks time. You are therefore invited for the preparation which w ill take place on 20th December 2012 at offices from 2.00 p.m. Your presence and participation is highly appreciated. Thanks in advance. Yours faithfully, Press officer For Managing Director UNIT 2 PART A Training Plan Training requirements To gather the right skills and competencies Training schedule To train after every three months to refresh the knowledge Training materials It includes seminars, workbooks, presentations, user manuals, use of computer

What is the effect of the recent information deluge on our Essay

What is the effect of the recent information deluge on our intellectual capabilities - Essay Example hich they had read and that which they had not read since moving between links disrupts memory and the transfer of information from working memory to the long-term memory. As a result, the conclusion was that hypertexts in documents did for learning and in any case, it lowered the ability to retrieve information from documents by affecting retention (Carr, 2010). People’s general misconceptions were that use of the internet actually made people smarter as there were more stimuli and there was increased brain activity as people go through then web. The rerouting of brain neurons allows people to be better at problem solving, which is apparently not since increased brain activity does not translate in improving brain activity or cognitive skills (Armstrong, 2011). Instead, it only serves to reroute people’s neural pathways for information. It is also a misconception that the web is making us smarter as; in fact, it only strengthens brain functions in relation to solving fast-paced problems. The reason behind web surfing and multitasking is the need to absorb information rapidly and within the shortest time possible in bits and pieces (Carr, 2010). This is meant to identify information quickly in order for one to choose whether he or she will read further for more information. This is such that web surfing is meant to allow one to be in communication with the rest of the world while at the same time obtaining information from the internet. Multitasking, on the other hand is a form of distraction from one task to the next or another task and it is done to the presence of multiple stimuli and search for relevance in everything people do in the web and beyond. Cognitive overload and switch cost has significant effects on our brains in that it corrupts our power to retain the knowledge that we acquire and the ability to relate between memories by creating connections between them. This way, cognitive overload affects the brain in that it influences our ability to

The Significance of African American History Essay Example for Free

The Significance of African American History Essay Dictionary. com defined the word history as â€Å"continuous† systematic narrative of past events as relation to a particular people, country, period, person, according to the meaning of the word History, it full knowledge will improve African American status. Despite the transition of Africans from West Africa to America and used them as slaves to work on tobacco and sugar plantations for many years, they had the privilege to be a part of this grate and powerful nation which empower them economically, on cultural plan and a standard of civilization. The economic aspect can be remarkable in many ways. In the book the â€Å"African American Odyssey† By Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, Stanley Harold on page six said that â€Å"West Africans were making iron tools long before European arrived† Therefore African Americans worked very and used their abilities and techniques and applied them to their had duties that they had here. Blacks increased the growth of the American Nation, one example of that is how they built the white house and other various things we use in the U. S today. All their contributions increased the progress of the economy. There are a number of aspects of African American cultures that were highlighted by the period of slavery. The outcome is a powerful and unique culture that continues to have a positive effect on conventional American culture, not only to that, it extends to the broader world as well. Tough slaves played an important role in it altogether, which restricted the African Americans to practice their rich culture in America, their culture has still survived, be it their beliefs, values other practices of the society, and cultural traditions have mixed beautifully with the European American culture. Fore instance in food industry, we have French bread. When it comes to fast food, we also have a French word called French fry. Elements of civilization can also be characterized in different perspective’s. After slavery African-Americans continued to prosper. According to the Civil Rights Act of 1866 African Americans now began too share the same legal rights with white Americans. For example voting rights were permitted for African Americans. Also integrated schools were becoming more and more common as time progressed. These rights, laws and rights to education gave people like George Washington Carver chances and opportunities to have honorable personalities. In Conclusion With all these events playing out from slavery to freedom blacks have come along way. They helped the economic stand point of this nation in ways of their labor that they provided, they helped socially by bringing the African culture to America bringing things like food, and music, ect. The emancipation of blacks opened many doors, African Americans took a great toll, coming from such a dark past and and still being able to grasp the torch of education, and knowledge gave people like Barack Obama the right to sit in the seat he is in today. In my opinion the trial and triumphs they encountered were all preparations for us to conquer the future.

Robin Hood Ethnic

Robin Hood Ethnic Introduction Robert Hood is an outlaw who lived in Sherwood Forest of England. The ethnic piece of literary helps to depict the culture and stories of the person. This research describes the life of Robert hood and ethnic mythology that includes the folktales, myths, legends, fables, poetry, etc. The stories of Robin Hood show him to be a legend and it no longer seems to be a history. Ballads (songs that state stories) related to the Robin Hood became popular in the 14th century. In the 15th century, robin was featured in games also. The main reason behind the survival of the Robin Hoods Stories is that his character is portrayed as an outlaw and rebel, which are striking characters, particularly those whose motive behind the rob is not for personal gain but for the cause of providing justice to the common people (Doel, 2000). Thesis statement: Ethnic literary plays a vital role in reflecting the culture, as in the case of Robin Hood, ethnic literary reflects his pagan culture. Mythology Mythological Robin: He became the most renowned part of May Games. He was viewed as the legend and became a celebrated part of the May Games. Robin was seen as a fabulous summer king who could successfully lead a procession. This linked the Robin with other legends of the forest. Legends: The story describing him would be literal as the tales depict the real figures from the history. Alteration has been made in the historical fact and that too in a creative manner. This has blended together numerous important precepts, which encourage the right living and moral conduct. The narratives consist of mixture of facts, which separates them away from the other stories in folklore. Robin used to spare the goods of the poor and womens were not harmed. As a result, he became popular among the common public (Potter, 1998). Fables: These are associated with educating the readers with the important truths in simple tales and usually provide a lesson or morale at the end. The story of robin is short and at the end depicts the truths, which are not easily seen in the every day life. Most of the characters in fables are the non-living objects and animals which show the human passions and interests (Blamires, 1998). Folk tales: these tales consider the adventures which are both fantastic and authentic. These are also referred as the simple stories that describe the evil and the good deals. Apart from this, these also act as a better source of teaching the values. In the story of the Robin Hood, he has been identified as wearing green because he was associated with the deep Green Man of folklore and art (Phillips, 2003). Myths: Myths represent the prehistoric and the oldest stories. By nature, they are realistic and holy. According to Robin, productiveness is known as foliage. Myths are of different types in nature. History behind the myth of creation is the formation of world; it is a real concept and also eases the complexity and secrecy of the creation of the world. Another myth deals with the adventure of the divinity and achievement of courage. These tales frequently have cyclic model in which facts are explained in the shape of sign and story to make clear the individual situation and the basis for his distress. Ballads: The description of ballad was based on Gest, which emerged in the 16th century, soon after the preface of issue in England. After that century, Robin is rewarded to the rank of nobleman. He is nominated as the Earl of Huntington, Robert of Locksley, or Robert Fitz Ooth. In the early hours of ballads, by difference, he was the associate of yeoman classes, who were ordinary freeholder having a small landed park. Culture The weapons and tools used by Robin Hood show his connection with ancient woodland and ethnic practices. His main weapon was bow, which was the weapon of Diana, virgin Goddess of the Hunt and his secondary weapons, the quarterstaff and sword, showed the manliness and tarot practitioners use it as an esoteric symbol. He used a horn to call his followers, which is related to recalling the hidden horns on his head (Hahn, 2000). The ritual followed in celebration of festivals like Beltane or May Day clarifies the ancient themes engrafted with Robin Hood fable. The myth of Robin Hood matches with some other myths and traditions of countries around the world. Robin Hood was expelled from community with his wife Marian and his lieutenant Little John like Rama in India. The Robin Hood story ponders the Ramayana. When Britons visited India, two cultures started to share their views, language and heritage (Hahn, 2000). The very old Proto-Indo-European myth got combined when the two cultures merged. Both were having two great archer heroes, Rama Robin. Apart from the Indo-European cultural similarity, there is one more character in Chinese novel. Song Jiang with his 108 followers carried a war against corrupt feudal system. Novels, films and songs developed Robin Hoods image according to their needs. Robin Hood has become a symbol who helped the have-nots by taking the surplus from the persons who owned the resources in excess (Potter, 1998). References Blamires, D. (1998). Robin Hood: A Hero for All Times. J. Rylands Univ. Lib. of Manchester. Doel, et al. (2000). Robin Hood: Outlaw and Greenwood Myth. Tempus Publishing Ltd. Hahn, T. (2000). Robin Hood in Popular Culture: Violence, Transgression and Justice. D.S. Brewer. Phillips, H. (2003). Robin Hood: Medieval and Post-medieval. Cornell University Press. Potter, L. (1998). Playing Robin Hood: The Legend as Performance in Five Centuries. University of Delaware Press.s

American History Terms :: American History

American History Terms 1. Government role in RR building- Congress was impressed by arguments supporting military and postal needs and began to advance liberal money loans to two favored cross- continent companies in 1862 and added enormous donations of land and tracks. Within the routes the RR’s were allowed to choose alternate mile- square sections in checkerboard fashion 2. Significance of Transcontinental RR- A magnificent engineering feat- most impressive peacetime undertakings. Welded West Coast firmly to the Union. Facilitated flourishing trade with Asia. Stimulated growth with the West. Architectural feat- increased nationalism. Huge fortunes, jobs. 3. Stock watering - favorite device of the moguls of manipulation. Originally meant the practice of making cattle thirsty by feeding them salt and then having them bloat themselves with water before they weighed in for sale. Using a variation of this, RR stock promoters grossly inflated their claims about a given line’s assets and profitability and sold stocks and bonds far in excess of the RR’s actual value. 4. Secret Rebates – kickbacks given to powerful shippers in return for steady and assured traffic- not given to everyone. Often slashed prices on competing lines, but more often mad up the difference on noncompeting ones 5. Wabash Case - 1886 Supreme Court ruled that said individual states had NO power to regulate interstate commerce. This would be done by the federal gov’t 6. Interstate Commerce Act - Prohibited rebates and pools and required the railroads to publish their rates openly. Forbade discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for a short haul than for a long one over the same line. Created Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to enforce and administer the new legislation. It did not really beat corporate wealth, but it did provide a forum where businesses could resolve their conflicts peaceably. 7. Vertical and Horizontal integration - vertical integration was combining into one organization all phases of manufacturing from obtaining raw materials to marketing. It made supplies more reliable, controlled the quality of product at all states of production, and cut out middlemen’s fees and was perfected by Carnegie. Horizontal integration was consolidating with competitors to monopolize a given market, used a lot by Rockefeller. 8. Trust’s benefits – Gave consumers a superior product at a relatively cheap price. The efficient use of expensive machinery called large-scale production and consolidation proved more profitable than ruinous price wars. 9. Sherman Anti-Trust Act – 1890 – forbade combinations in restraint of trade, without any distinction between â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† trusts.

Victims law challenges and opportunities Essay -- Colombian Government

Victims law challenges and opportunities The argument of this paper is that in order to succeed in the process of land restitution the Colombian government must overcome the adverse conditions that both the inequitable agrarian structure and the widespread presence of paramilitary groups have generated for poor peasants’ livelihoods. In the previous chapters I have provided some arguments about how those factors have shaped an unfavorable institutional landscape for the land restitution process. This chapter aims to stress the interrelation of those factors, and accordingly providing some proposals that may contribute in implementing the law. The inequitable agrarian structure and the paramilitary phenomenon The agrarian structure and the paramilitary phenomenon are two intertwined elements. They are part of the mediating processes both internal and external that have affected people’s access to resources and the construction of livelihood strategies in particular rural contexts (Ellis, 2000). Since social actors have a differential capacity to influence the processes to access capitals therefore better off people may exclude others from access to resources (Haan and Zoomers, 2005). Following this argument it is evident that in the Colombian countryside those with the capacity to control state’s policies as well as the local social arrangements have established a social closure strategy in which the poor have been systematically excluded from opportunities to improve their livelihoods. In particular, the contradictory nature of land policies has consolidated an exclusionary agrarian structure that constrains poor peasants’ life conditions. This is evident through the numerous attempts and counter-attempts to broaden... ...venties and eighties the pressure exerted by urban middle sectors, leftist political parties, workers and peasants organizations and guerrilla groups as well as the political changes brought about by the decentralization and the political opening processes threatened the dominant position of landed elites in several regions. For this reason, the creation of paramilitary armies in the early eighties was the violent reaction of a landed elites group, whose power was declining, to the endogenous and exogenous factors that challenged their hegemony. Therefore, the paramilitary phenomenon must be understood as a reactionary extension of the latifundio structure. Its aim was to reestablish the rural social order through the annihilation of latifundio’s rivals in the competition for the control of the regional resources (land, local government, and means of violence). Victims law challenges and opportunities Essay -- Colombian Government Victims law challenges and opportunities The argument of this paper is that in order to succeed in the process of land restitution the Colombian government must overcome the adverse conditions that both the inequitable agrarian structure and the widespread presence of paramilitary groups have generated for poor peasants’ livelihoods. In the previous chapters I have provided some arguments about how those factors have shaped an unfavorable institutional landscape for the land restitution process. This chapter aims to stress the interrelation of those factors, and accordingly providing some proposals that may contribute in implementing the law. The inequitable agrarian structure and the paramilitary phenomenon The agrarian structure and the paramilitary phenomenon are two intertwined elements. They are part of the mediating processes both internal and external that have affected people’s access to resources and the construction of livelihood strategies in particular rural contexts (Ellis, 2000). Since social actors have a differential capacity to influence the processes to access capitals therefore better off people may exclude others from access to resources (Haan and Zoomers, 2005). Following this argument it is evident that in the Colombian countryside those with the capacity to control state’s policies as well as the local social arrangements have established a social closure strategy in which the poor have been systematically excluded from opportunities to improve their livelihoods. In particular, the contradictory nature of land policies has consolidated an exclusionary agrarian structure that constrains poor peasants’ life conditions. This is evident through the numerous attempts and counter-attempts to broaden... ...venties and eighties the pressure exerted by urban middle sectors, leftist political parties, workers and peasants organizations and guerrilla groups as well as the political changes brought about by the decentralization and the political opening processes threatened the dominant position of landed elites in several regions. For this reason, the creation of paramilitary armies in the early eighties was the violent reaction of a landed elites group, whose power was declining, to the endogenous and exogenous factors that challenged their hegemony. Therefore, the paramilitary phenomenon must be understood as a reactionary extension of the latifundio structure. Its aim was to reestablish the rural social order through the annihilation of latifundio’s rivals in the competition for the control of the regional resources (land, local government, and means of violence).

Historical Investigation – The Great Depression & German

Section A: Plan of the InvestigationThe investigation will explore the question: How did the Great Depression begin in Germany and what are its impacts on the economy? The scope of my research will mainly focus on the rise of the Great Depression in Germany, and its effects on the country’s economy. The breath of the research will cover between the periods of 1924 to 1933. The method used will be to gather mainly from secondary sources, such as books and websites, as well some primary sources, like pictures or autobiography written by the people in that time.Also, I’ll compared and contrast this evidence, and evaluate the origin and purpose of my source for their limitation and reliability. Two sources – an autobiography ‘Children of the Unemployed’ written by Margot. L and textbook ‘Germany 1918-45’ by Josh Brooman – will be evaluated in depth as they provide major evidences. Finally, a conclusion will be settled based upon the e vidences and source evaluation.Section B: Summary of Evidences1. Before the Great Depression A. Weimar Republic Germany’s Weimer Republic was formed in 1919.1 Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to pay reparations to other countries like France.2B. Dawes Plan After the inflation in 1923, Germany’s recovery had been brought largely by American investment, this became a direct result of Dawes Plan in 1924.3 Dawes Plan was formulated to help the Weimar Republic out of hyperinflation and to stabilize its economy.4 The United State gave Germany a loan of 800 million marks to get the Dawes Plan started.5 Under Dawes Plan, Germany agreed to pay as much reparations as it could afford each year, starting with 1000 million marks.C. American Loans After Germany no longer suffered from inflation, in 1924 to 1929 foreign banks were willing to lend money approximately 25000 million gold mark to German borrowers.72. Economy Impacts on Germany A. US respond to the Great Depres sionIn October 1929, the New York stock exchange on Wall Street crashed. They pull out their investment from Germany and demand immediate repayment.8 America gave Germany 90 days to re-pay money loaned to them.9 Most countries slid into depression as overseas markets suddenly declined.10 German business that had managed without loan was badly affected.11 In 1930, the United States started the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which stopped Germany and other foreign companies from selling their products in U.S. markets.  German industrialists lost access to US markets and can’t obtain credit. Many industrial companies and factories either closed or shrank.13 In the summer of 1931, the Austrian Kreditanstalt Bank fell and soon the German Norddeutsche Wollkammerei and Darmstadterbank collapsed. 14B. Fall in Economy The value of German exports fell by 55%, from  £630 million in 1929 to  £280 million in 1931.15 In 1932, Germany’s industrial output fell to 40% of the 1929 level .16 Large mass of peasantry was affected by the fall in agricultural prices.17C. UnemploymentThe number of unemployment rose to more than six million by the early 1932.18. 60% of each new university graduating class was out of work.19 Millions of German workers had to put up with low wages, short-time working and worse conditions of work.20 German workers were paid unemployment benefit by the government for 26 weeks.21 An unemployed German looking for work in 1930.Her placard says, â€Å"I am a trained shorthand typist, out of work, looking for any kind of work.†22 A 13 years old girl explains the system of crisis payment from the government, â€Å"First my father went to sign for the dole. Later, when the time during which he could sign on ran out, he got ‘crisis benefit’. He had to collect the money from the welfare. This was not enough to manage on. I often saw how my mother brooded over the question of clothing and feeding our family of six.†23Section C: An Evaluation of SourcesPrimary SourceL, Margot. Die Kinder der Arbeitslosen (Children of the unemployed). Ruth Weiland: 1993. The origin of the source is valuable because it’s a primary source. The author is a 13 years old girl, who lived in Ruth Weiland, Germany, during the period of the Great Depression from 1929 to 1933. Through her personal experiences, we have direct understanding of the economic and social situation in Germany at that time. She explained the system of crisis benefit her father has to collect in able to run the family  life.The purpose of her autobiography was to write down what she saw and experience while Germany suffered from massive rise of unemployed. However, there are limitations to this source because the reader only can understand the situation from her perspective, but not in general. As well, she was just 13 years old when she wrote her autobiography. Therefore she might not yet fully understand the system of crisis benefit and economy d ownfall of that time.Secondary SourceBrooman, Josh. Germany 1918-45. London: Pearson Education, 2005. (accessed May 5, 2013). The origin of the source is valuable because the publishing company Pearson, is one of the largest and well known publisher in the world.24 The author they will pick and the book they will publish, must be in excellent quality and content, providing with authentic facts of history. Therefore they can able to sell the product, and attract people to buy and study about it. Moreover in this book, they provided many primary sources and understandable but detailed descriptions.The purpose of this textbook is to educated students and people who are interest in German’s history during the period of Weimar and Nazi. The limitations of the book is that this was publish in England and written in English, therefore the content might not be as accurate as the one producing and written in Germany. As well, the book only tell us about the factual stuff, but they are possibility that it’s not the truth. Moreover, we can’t get any primary perspective of the people at that time.Section D: AnalysisBefore the Great Depression, Germany has a new Republic called Weimer that was formed in 1919.25 The new republic had serious weaknesses from the start. People blamed the government because of the country’s defeat and post war humiliation caused by the Treaty of Versailles. Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to pay reparations to other countries like France and England in able to let those countries to build up their industry again.26 Germany soon faces many economic problems and drastic inflation.After the inflation in 1923, Germany’s recovery had been carried largely by  American investment, and this became a direct result of Dawes Plan in 1924.27 Dawes Plan was formulated to help the Weimar Republic out of hyperinflation and to a form of stability in its economy.28 The United State gave Germany a loan of 800 mill ion marks to get the Dawes Plan started.29 Under Dawes Plan, Germany agreed to pay as much reparations as it could afford each year, starting with 1000 million marks.30 After Germany has no longer suffered from inflation. In between 1924 to 1929, foreign banks mostly American were willing to lend money approximately 25000 million gold mark to German borrowers.However, Germany debts from the United State, later became the main reason that lead to the economic downfall in Germany during the Great Depression. In October 1929, a serious disaster struck the New York stock exchange on Wall Street. The stock value dropped severely, various economic problems began to emerge in the United States.32 The Americans had no option but to pull out their investment from Germany and demand immediate repayment. America gave Germany 90 days to re-pay the money that was loaned to them.33 In this period of time, most countries in the world slid into a depression as overseas markets for their goods sudde nly declined.Thus, German’s business which had managed without loaning money from the US were badly affected, too. In 1930, the United States started the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which is a new law that restricted Germany and other foreign companies from selling their products in U.S. markets,35 in able to secure their domestic demanded market, and it could efficiently decrease the unemployment rate and suppress the inflation. However, the sudden appearance of the tariff, German industrialists lost access to US markets and found that they couldn’t obtain the credit anymore.36 In result of this, many industrial companies and factories either closed or shrank.Hence, the sudden decrease of German business led to the fall in German exports and the rise of unemployment rate. The value of German exports fell by 55%, from  £630 million in 1929 to  £280 million in 1931.37 Also, large mass of peasantry was affected by the sharp fall in agricultural prices. 38Furthermore, in the summer of 1931, under the pressure from the Great Depression, the Austrian Kreditanstalt Bank fell and followed by the German Norddeutsche Wollkammerei and Darmstadter bank also collapsed.Millions of German workers had to start put up with low wages, short-time working and worse conditions of work.40 The placard of an unemployed German looking for  work in 1930 says, â€Å"I am a trained shorthand typist, out of work, looking for any kind of work.†41 Her situation told that even the trained worker or professionals were also having high chance of not getting a job. Statistic stated that 60% of each new university graduating class at that time was out of work.The Great Depression has significantly changed impact on the employment opportunities. The number of registered unemployed rose to more than six million by early 1932.43 Also, there were between one and three million jobless people who could not or did not register as unemployed. In total, there were between seven t o nine million Germans that were out of work by 1932.44 This significant numbers really strike Germany’s economy into downfall, approximately 23 million people were directly affected by this.People became poorer with not enough money to survive. Hence, the government were force to subsidize and aid those German workers by paying unemployment benefit for 26 weeks.46 Around that time, a 13 years old German girl who live during the period of the Great Depression explained the system of crisis payment in a part of her autobiography, she wrote, â€Å"First my father went to sign for the dole. Later, when the time during which he could sign on ran out, he got ‘crisis benefit’. He had to collect the money from the welfare. This was not enough to manage on. I often saw how my mother brooded over the question of clothing and feeding our family of six.†47 Through her personal experiences, we know that the Weimar government could only afford specific amount of money to each German workers, the money each person got was hardly enough from maintain and survive their family.Section E: ConclusionIt is clear that Germany’s debts from the United States played a major part to the rise of the Great Depression in Germany, and it’s clear that the Great Depression impact deeply on the economy. When the Great Depression started, US demanded the immediate repayment, Germany straight away get effected, and couldn’t afford the debts which led to many economic problems. The major effects are, the fell in exports product, large shrank in German’s industrialist and companies, and that lead to the most significant influence, the large mass of unemployed in Germany, 1932.

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay

One of the main reasons that the company William Beckett & Co needs to have a flexible work force is a factor that we have already spoken about which is the increase of work for the company that has happened in the last few years, which has created a few problems for them in most parts of the business. The other major factor that requires the company to have a flexible works force is the job rotation strategy that I have also mentioned earlier. This can only work if the employees themselves have the skills and abilities to actually perform this different jobs otherwise the whole thing will break down. If the employees don’t have the right skills and abilities then the process is pointless and costly to the company as the workers would be very ineffective to produce the same standard of work that the other employees produce as they have been trained to do this. â€Å"Although many view employee training as a necessary evil and expense that must be tolerated, a well designed training program pays for itself and increases the bottom line. Such a program teaches new employees to â€Å"do it right the first time,† thus minimizing down time, equipment damage, and personal injury while maximizing productivity and profits† http://pages.prodigy. net/pblair/ttthome. htm (technical training tips) To help control the increasing level of work that the company has, they would need a flexible workforce who could move around to different areas in the company to help out with the work in order to create some stability of the work that is coming in and the work that is being completed. This would allow the company to deal with the influx of work, help the productivity of the company and even help with the motivation of the employees, whilst maintaining the impressive level of sales. As the company is over run with business, they are in need of more staff to handle the amount of work which they are generating. So the director employees a new sales administrator to help with the situation. The problem is that the person he has employed is a friend of his so he has had no formal interview or application. After a while the man redefines his own job to sales representative as he is more experienced at doing this job as he knows more about this side of the company than the administration side. The director had employed his friend to do a job he is not really qualified or able to do. I believe that the company needs to set up a human resource department which would be able to deal with the recruitment of new employees for the company. The problems with recruiting employees who are not able to do the job are that the will not be able to complete jobs on time or to a high standard of quality, which also means that productivity will be affect and the employee himself will be unhappy as he isn’t able to perform the duties in his job specification. Once the HR department is setup the managers will be able to move some of their tasks over to them like recruitment, appraisals, motivational and training. As the directors are struggling to do this now the only solution would be to set up the Hr department as soon as possible. The training needs are needed throughout the company, this is due to the fact that the company has grown rapidly and the fact that the company has invested in a new range of technologies to keep them up to date with their competitors and the changes in the market. I have identified certain areas that need improving with the management which are leadership training, interpersonal relationships need to be worked on and they also need to be able to delegate tasks and responsibility. â€Å"The interpersonal skills when the one to one trainer has to exercise are described by Megginson and Boydell (1979) as being similar to those required by the skilful counsellor† page 229 of the theory and practice of training, 4th edition by Roger Buckley and Jim Caple. The results of this should be an increase in productivity and an improvement in sales. They could also develop their own internal learning programme as they don’t have a lot of time to send them away from the company for a long time as they are so busy. The lower level staff need new training as they will not be able to work effectively enough with the new technologies as they will not be familiar with it compared to the old equipment they were familiar with. The areas that they will need to be trained on are their team working abilities, stress and pressure courses, good communication and motivation skills and theories. This should help the employees to work together as a team which will help morale and productivity as a team that are working together and are happy will be a great asset to the company.

Memsitors, the new kid on the block Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Memsitors, the new kid on the block - Essay Example For example, when Bell telephone laboratories announced to the world the invention of the transistor in 1948, the press of the day announced that more than hundred could be held in the palm of the hand (Hayes, 2011). Today with the current technologies more than a 100 billion of these can be held at the palm of the hand. What is more interesting was that the transistors even cost less than dollar per a billion today. They are therefore the most abundant and cheapest electronic gadgets in the human history. Currently the trinity fundamental components in electronics that consist of the resistor, the transistor and the capacitor are well known in the electronic field. In 1971 an Engineer in the university of California Berkeley, predicted that there should be a fourth element; a memory resistor, or memristor though no one seemed aware of it or how to build one (Williams, 2008). 37 years later in 2008 the field of electronics got small enough to reveal the identity and the nature of the fourth element to complete the above set as was predicted by the engineer. Hewlett Packard researchers revealed in the journal nature of the fourth component; the memristor, which is the new kid on the block in the electronics field. The story behind memristor dates back to about 40 years ago from the insight by IEEE Fellow and nonlinear circuit theory pioneer Leon Chua (Adee, 2008). Chua when examining the relationship between the flux resistors and charge in resistors, capacitors and inductors in a 1971 paper, he postulated the existence of a fourth element called the memory resistor. According to Chua such a device once discovered would provide similar relationship and proportions between the magnetic flux and charge the same that a resistor gives between voltage and current. Therefore, Chua argued that the memory resistor would act like a resistor whose value could be able to vary according to the current passing through it and that could remember the value long after the curre nt disappears (Adee, 2008). This was to be realized more than 30 years later, when Stanley Williams a HP senior fellow and his group were critically analyzing and working on molecular electronics when they noticed strange behavior in their devices. It was after critically examining the theoretical works and especially the work of Chua that Williams noticed that the strange phenomena that they observed were actually as a result of memristors. One important aspect of memristors is that it proves right the suspicion that many researchers had for a long time that detailed that artificial intelligence was not possible with the traditional hardware due to its rigid use of the Boolean logic and the vast separation that exist between the memory and processing (Versace & Chandler, 2010). It was in 2008 when the HP researchers built the new class of electronic device; the memristor. Before this invention, it would have been impossible to create a new circuit with the memory structure of a bra in, the instantaneous internal communications and the low power requirements. Form the invention of the memristor, it was evident that the three components could be coaxed and trained to behave just a like a normal brain with more emphasis with form that was termed to be a major fusion in this set up. Generally, memristors are small, cheap and most efficient to fill this gap in the electronics industry. They might be explained to have characteristics that resemble those of synapses in normal humans,

Analysis of Ethics in the 21st Century Coursework - 1

Analysis of Ethics in the 21st Century - Coursework Example The conference held by UNESCO between September 21 and September 22, 2001, produced a well-known report on ethics (UNESCO, 2001). Ethical behavior entails sincerity, trustfulness in transactions, accountability, and responsibility in all dealings. Ethical behavior should be fair and unprejudiced in every relationship as well as gentle and compassionate in every situation. These rules guiding ethical presentations are powerful and straightforward. As an individual, one should adhere to these simple rules, and should not be discouraged or change views owing to external pressure. Ethical management necessitates one to choose to do that which is right in the threshold of ethical norms in the society. These norms entail empathy, care, and responsibility towards others one oneself. There are several issues that should be emphasized in order to remain loyal to one’s ethical principles and responsibilities. These include honesty, diversity, integrity, and access (Zaidi, 2012). Today’s world attributes the cause of the increased ethical quagmires to technological and scientific advancements that dominate the modern human life. Human beings respond to ethical issues with the assistance of technology. One should cite references from the conventional wisdom in order to arrive at ethical solutions of problems at hand. There are mainly two types of ethics related to globalization. The first ethic is based on the sovereignty of states and the power structure while the second one is based on the responsibilities of the liberal market (Wilkins, 2009). Globalization in the 21st century has led to the emergence of harmony, and, thus, increased interactions among people.

Omnivore's dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Omnivore's dilemma - Essay Example However, the subject encompassing this model is controversial. Indeed, the practice has raised concerns that demand critical examination (Duram 123). Commercialized farming has destructed and polluted surroundings the consequences that the environment has suffered out of our wicked practices, which alter genuine farming. Therefore, there is need of restructuring the trend meaning that persons need to shun consuming non-organics and adopt organics to conserve the remains and prevent further harm. (Preserve the remaining non-organics to safeguard the environment) Efforts to non-organic farming initiated with introduction of chemicals in the practice to fight pests and weeds. The procedure reduced crops infestations substantially and successfully addressed the challenge of weeds. However, the practice has led to introduction of toxic residuals in the crops. Subsequently, the method engaged the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer. This idea appeared sustainable since the approach provided a method of utilizing human waste for fertilizer production. As such, cheaper fertilizers were accessible hence the productivity augmented (Harper & Aikaterini 288). However, studies have identified that residues from some of these fertilizers have detrimental effects on human health. Later advancements in the non-organic scheme led to introduction of technologies that incorporated hormones and antibiotics in farming procedures (Duram 145). The use of hormones meant hurrying crops and animals growth rate, an aspect that boosted productivity. Indeed, antibiot ics provide superb food preservation schemes. However, consuming antibiotic-preserved products meant introducing agents into our systems (Lockie 318). This is detrimental since antibiotics lead to resistances hence weakening the defense system. Recently, non-organic procedures have adopted a plan of irradiating products to eliminate any agents

President Obama's Health Care Bill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

President Obama's Health Care Bill - Essay Example The essay discusses on the effect that Obama Health Care has had on the lives of America’s citizens more than four years since its inception. In 2010, President Obama enacted into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The ACA is, therefore, largely designed to cater for the less attended non-employer insurance market and enlarge health insurance coverage as a result. The Act also targets to raise revenue from several taxation avenues. The healthcare sector is predicted to undergo a dramatic makeover in the near future if the ACA is fully implemented. The researcher of this essay also looks forward at the future of the healthcare in regard to the influence of ACA. The Act that is presented in the essay in details mandates that American residents have insurance coverage and also calls for a reduced and reorganized spending under the largest health insurance plan in America. The discussion will also focus on other issues such as the effect of the law on the economy, who pays for the plan and who the law affects most. The researcher concluds that despite everything the ACA is a phenomenal piece of legislation that is expected to reform the United States health care industry if fully implemented. It is still quite early to notice or predict its exact measure of impacts that may follow, but it is certain for the researcher that the future looks bright for America Health Care sector. The major uncertainty, however, still lies on how far the ACA will go in slowing down the growth of health care costs.

UK Music Retailers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

UK Music Retailers - Assignment Example Businesses operating in any industry are bound to experience changing fortunes in so far as trade is concerned. There are several forces that play in the economy thus influencing the fate of each of the entities in a given sector. With this in mind, it is the sole responsibility for individual business organizations to examine factors within their environment and identify the interventions to keep it competitive. I further use interaction matrix to analyze how the business has changed over time. Finally, I conclude by comparing two players in this music sector and offer some appropriate recommendations. Just like in any other economy of the world, the UK economy also suffers from quite a number of challenges. Being an important component of the economy, UK retailers have not been spared from the difficult moments that occasionally characterize the economy. Therefore, some traditional UK retailers such as music retailers who deal with the selling of music CD and VCD have been critically affected. In the past few years, some famous music retailers went bankrupt one after another. Cases in point include the Towers, KPS, and Virgin. Whilst some of the aforementioned retailers were troubled by the market changes, the likes of Find-CD, which is an online music company, were flourishing (Traynor, 2013). According to the findings of Traynor (2013) in his research, nearly 140 music retailers are prone to the perilous economic period in the near future. A case in point is the HMV music retailer. HMV is credited for having been one of the longest-serving players in the music industry with a history of music retailing of approximately 91 years. It deals with the sale of CDs/DVDs containing music, movies, or video games.  

Black Arts & Black Aesthetic Essay Example for Free

Black Arts Black Aesthetic Essay Larry Neal’s â€Å"Black Arts Movements† and Addison Gayle’s â€Å"The Black Aesthetic† are two identical mission statements for the black audience: set yourself apart from the white culture and give your culture the recognition it deserves. The two pieces are similar in ideas and purposes. The black communities were tired of always adapting to the ways of the white culture because it was the â€Å"right† way to act. The black community wanted to define their own culture and these pieces were words of encouragement for blacks to step outside the white ways of thinking and acting and step into an acceptance of their own urbanity. Once the differences were accepted that’s when you start seeing the different relationships between whites and blacks. These written pieces were significant changes in thoughts and actions at this time, and they weren’t useless. The blacks were really hoping to set themselves apart from the rest, to have people recognize they were different from the white oppressive mind set, and it worked. Larry Neal’s â€Å"The Black Arts Movement†, written in 1968, speaks directly to the needs and ambitions of Black America at the time. The main goal in â€Å"The Black Arts Movement† is to emphasize the necessity for black culture to define their world in their own terms. Larry Neal asks the question in his piece, â€Å"†¦whose vision of the world is more meaningful, ours or the white oppressors? † (Neal page 2040). He is asking his audience to move away from a white oppressor vision of the world and create their own vision of the world: a vision that has their own beliefs, thoughts, and ideas; a vision that stands out from the white patterns that have consisted years prior. The Black artists’ primary duty is to express the needs of the Black people. Neal explains this idea by saying, â€Å"†¦main thrust of his new breed of contemporary writers to confront the contradictions arising out of the Black man’s experience in the raciest West† (Neal page 2039). In other words, the goals of these new artists is to use a concept of â€Å"protest literature† (page 2040) and direct this new literature directly towards black people to summon hope and â€Å"[awaken] Black people to the meaning of their lives† (Neal page 2042). The Black community had been living in an oppressive society for years prior to this new movement. Neal believed The Black Aesthetic was the destruction of white ideas, and the destruction of white ways of looking at their world. Addison Gayle Jr. was another of these contemporary artists who encouraged a new way of life to the black community in his piece, â€Å"The Black Aesthetic†. The Black Aesthetic movement was the practice that helped those seeking to navigate and understand the experiences of black peoples. Gayle explains the Black Aesthetic movement: â€Å"The question for the black critic today is not how beautiful is a melody, a play, a poem, a novel, but how much more beautiful has the poem†¦made the life of a single black man? The Black Aesthetic, then, as conceived by this writer†¦is a means of helping black people out of the polluted mainstream of Americanism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle 1916). This is a significant quote because Gayle, and many of the Black Aesthetic artists at the time, really believe that these works of art are not for the critics’ entertainment. Instead they are gritty stories of these Black Peoples’ experiences and they are intended to free the Black Man of an oppressive white America. They are to encourage these black men and women to stop conforming to the white culture and instead embrace their own. The black aesthetic period is so significant because it was a time where the artists made a significant shift in the opinions of the white culture towards the black culture, and even more, it gave a chance to the Black community to find their voice in the madness and be able to stand out amongst the white, oppressive view points of the society they were living in at the time. These two pieces of work connect really well with each other. Essentially I could connect Gayle’s piece to almost any Black Aesthetic piece just because they all have similar viewpoints in regards to the freedom of the oppressive white American culture. However, Larry Neal directly comments on the Black Aesthetics. He describes the Black Arts Movement and the Black Aesthetic as one. Neal says, â€Å"Black Art is the aesthetic and spiritual sister of the Black Power concept. As such, it envisions an art that speaks directly to the needs and aspirations of Black America† (Neal page 2039). This goes with Gayle’s beliefs that the Black Aesthetic is directly made for the needs of the black peoples. Gayle says, â€Å"A critical methodology has no relevance to the black community unless it aids men in becoming better than they are† (page 1917). Gayle and Neal both have this vision for Black Americans that they be freed from this movement, not pushed further into oppression, and they believe the arts can advocate them into being better. The encouragement the artists have for the rest of their brothers and sisters is what makes these two pieces so important, especially when they’re being compared. The black people, whether they are the creators or just regular middle-class folks, share visions of positivity during hardships. They want their brothers to come out and top, so they fight together. The Black Aesthetic movement was a time period where the black Americans, whom had the privilege to create and share poems, stories, and plays, were able to share their creations with the rest of the population to motivate them. Gayle and Neal’s goals are the same: they want the blacks to find their own identity, present themselves differently, and stop following in the footsteps of the whites. They believe that these works of art really can do wonders of change for their brothers and sisters. These stories and creations, poem and plays, aren’t just useless, fictional words that these artist create out of air. They are real life accounts of the battles the black culture have fought in hopes that the oppressive layer of the white America finally comes off their backs. In the following quote, Neal demonstrates how the arts can really be significant. Neal says, â€Å"Poetry is a concrete function, actions†¦Poems are physical entities: fists, daggers, airplane poems, and poems that shoot guns. Poems are transformed into personal forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 2041). In relationship to Neal, Gayle compares the oppression to war. These two works are compatible to each other. Gayle believes the two cultures are at war, while Neal has the perfect weapon: works of art. Gayle explains the society’s conditions by saying, â€Å"The serious black artist of today is at war with the American society as few have been throughout American history† (Gayle page 1914). Gayle and Neal agree upon this. The Black American culture was at a war with the white American culture and the black artists were doing everything in their power to free themselves of this war using the one weapon they were best at using: words. Using these words of hope and encouragement, and visions of freedom and opportunities, the artists created possibilities. Neal and Gayle had similar visions for the future, as well. They both believed this movement was growing and they believed that growth had been evident in white peoples’ eyes already. Gayle states this growth by saying, â€Å"The white academician†¦calls upon a black man to write the introduction. The editor then declares that his anthology ‘represents the best black literature’ or that he has chosen these works which rank the best in American artistic production. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Gayle page 1918). In saying that a black man can write an introduction and rank the best in production is a significant amount of change for the Black community. The white editors are accepting of the different writing styles and topics, and still finding that it’s quality literature even when it’s unlike theirs; a goal the black aesthetic writers have worked to achieve. Neal has a similar idea on hope, but he also adds his beliefs on the growth of this movement by saying, â€Å"Afro-American life and history is full of creative possibilities, and the movement is just beginning to perceive them. Just beginning to understand that the most meaningful statements†¦must come from the Third World of which Black America is a part† (Neal page 2050). This statement is quite similar to Gayle’s in that the white society in America is starting to recognize the importance in black arts which is a significant change because it’s one that they worked towards for many years. At the time, progress was still being made, but some progress had been made and it was enough to make them feel happy and even more hopeful for the future of the movement. The significance in the pieces is that they set their black community apart from the rest of America. Years prior the whites oppressed the blacks and so at this point in time, the black people were trying desperately to free themselves. In comparing these two pieces you really start to see the similar ideas the black people had about their community. These ideas weren’t just small things a few people decided to write about. They were words of hope for the future. A mission statement to set themselves apart from the rest, testimonies of what the artists have been through, and explanations of why they’re different and why they should be recognized as that. The incredible thing about it: it worked. Gayle, Addison, Jr. , and Larry Neal. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. New York [u. a. : Norton, 2004. Print. ]